無線感測網路中之三維空間位置資訊IPv6位址定址法

Abstract

智慧型電網是物聯網在環境永續發展與能源效益議題中的重要應用。而在許多應用於智慧型電網中的無線通訊技術中，能提供低成本之普及通訊與控制能力的 IP-based wireless sensor networks (IP-WSNs) 被視為最有前景的技術之一，智能電表可藉由此技術直接與 wired area network (WAN)無狹縫連接而不需要透過專門的閘道器作轉譯。由於IPv6擁有較大的位址空間以及許多比 IPv4 好的優點，已經成為 all-IP通訊網路的趨勢。其中IP-WSNs的IPv6定址被視為連接 WSNs 與 IPv6 網路中的挑戰之一，因為IP-WSNs每一個節點必須要有唯一的IP位址來做點對點通訊。因此，我們針對智慧型電網的應用提出了兩個 spatial IPv6 位址定址法，稱為 MPIPA 與 DSIPA。考慮到裝置於現代建築內的智能電表會佈建於三維空間中，MPIPA 與 DSIPA均利用三維空間的位址資訊來指派每一個節點唯一的 spatial IPv6 位址。我們利用 assignment success rate (ASR) 與 total energy consumption (TEC) 作為定址時的效能評估。經由實驗結果可知，我們所提出的方法較其他的方法比較後有較高的 ASR 與較低的 TEC。

Smart grid is one of the most important applications of Internet of Things (IoT) for environmental sustainability and energy efficiency issues. Among all these wireless communication technologies applied in smart grid, IP-based wireless sensor networks (IP-WSNs) is considered as the most promising one for providing pervasive communications and control capabilities at low cost. It can connect smart meters with the wired area network (WAN) infrastructure seamlessly without requiring specialized gateways. IPv6 Internet has become an inevitable trend for all-IP communication because of its large address space and others advantages over IPv4. One of the main challenges for connecting WSNs and IPv6 Internet is IPv6 address configuration since nodes with unique address are a prerequisite for reliable end-to-end communications. Hence, we propose two spatial IPv6 address configuration schemes called MPIPA and DSIPA for smart grid. As smart meters on modern buildings may be placed in three-dimensional (3D), both MPIPA and DSIPA utilize 3D location coordinates to assign each node a unique spatial IPv6 address in stateful approach. We use the assignment success rate (ASR) and the total energy consumption (TEC) for address configuration as the performance metrics. The simulation results show that our proposed schemes have higher ASR and lower TEC than others address configuration mechanisms.