融合新聞室工作者的衝突與協商：以《報導者》、《READr》及《沃草》為例

Abstract

近年來，閱聽眾閱讀習慣轉變，傳統媒體工作者因而紛紛轉進網路平台創辦新媒體。然而傳統媒體工作者在碰上擁有產製數位新聞專題所需技能的工作者後，雙方在融合新聞室場域會面臨慣習衝突與文化資本競爭。 本研究運用深度訪談法訪談新聞室組織架構不同的三家媒體，以及其中曾參與數位專題產製的十五名不同技能工作者後，援引Bourdieu場域理論作為分析架構，以產製數位專題過程中曾發生的衝突案例說明：工作者如何運用自身文化資本爭取產製資源與話語權；而在衝突過後，融合新聞室會依自身組織架構、成員組成的差異，發展不同互動模式以兼顧產製協力順暢與成員自主性。 本研究發現，出身傳統媒體的文字工作者與初次到媒體工作的新技能工作者對「時效性」的認知差異，是不同技能工作者最常發生衝突的原因。文字工作者運用新聞專業作為資本，而攝影、設計、工程師是以視覺設計、呈現技術為資本，PM則以規劃、協調能力為資本。 本研究認為，為使不同專業工作者在產製過程溝通順暢，融合新聞室應設立PM一職，PM具備多種產製技能，作為文字與非文字工作者的溝通橋樑。PM以企劃數位專題的文化資本平衡各工作者產製權力，使得傳統新聞室缺乏話語權的攝影、設計及不具新聞室經驗的工程師能與文字工作者對等發聲。 時至今日，媒體業界的數位專題產製機制從組織架構、工作者組成、產製流程皆仍持續變動中。因此，本研究認為，上述結果對於有志進行數位專題產製的媒體從業人員及新聞室管理者實務應用上具有參考價值。

In recent years, readers’ reading habits have changed. Therefore, workers from traditional media switch to online platforms to found new media. However, the workers from traditional media and workers with the skills of producing digital projects would confront conflicts of habit in the field of convergence newsrooms. This thesis is based on Bourdieu's field theory, and in-depth interviews are conducted to explore how workers with different skills use their own cultural capital to fight for production resources and the power to speak. The convergence newsrooms develop different interaction modes based on the organizational structures and composition of members to balance producing collaboration and member autonomy. This thesis found that differences of acknowledgement on 'timeliness' are the most common causes of conflicts in production of digital projects. Reporters and editors use journalism as their capital, while photographers, designers, and engineers use visual design technologies as their capital, project managers using planning and coordination capabilities as their capital. This thesis argues that in order to facilitate the communication between different skilled workers in the production process, the integration of the newsroom should include a project manager as the bridge between photographers, designers, engineers, reporters and editors . In conclusion, this thesis believes that the above results are of reference value to the practical applications of media professionals and newsroom managers who are interested in production of digital projects.