園藝活動對情緒及腦區功能連結之影響

Abstract

Lewis(1994)表示園藝活動是在沒有威脅與歧視的植物世界中，減輕壓力和恐懼，得到滿足。且過去研究已經證實從事園藝活動對身心的效益，無論是接觸土壤、觀看植物等皆有研究證明其對人的效益(Noone, Innes, Kelly, & Mayers, 2017; S. A. Park, Lee, et al., 2016; Van Den Berg & Custers, 2011)。 功能性磁振造影(functional magnetic resonance imaging, fMRI)技術在生理心理學領域研究中被運用，測量大腦活動是評估環境對受測者生理影響客觀的方法(Norwood et al., 2019)，近年情感神經科學研究的快速增長，目前已經可以透過神經影像科學方式，了解大腦中的情緒處理(LeDoux, 2000)。故本研究欲以fMRI 做為生理測量工具，並以情緒狀態量表(Profile of Mood State, POMS)作為心理測量工具，探討受測者操作園藝活動後的情緒反應。 操作方式為受試者於參與園藝活動前一週進行功能性磁振造影，並參與為期五週的種植類園藝活動，期間根據不同階段（如整地播種、施肥除草、收成）進行功能性磁振造影，並進行分析。本研究結果為參與至整地播種後，與情緒韻律網路、正念冥想、情緒調節、自我控制、創意發想的腦區功能連結增加；參與至施肥除草後，與情緒感知、正念冥想、的腦區功能連結增加；參與至收成後，與情緒感知、正念冥想、情緒韻律、創意發想、鏡像神經網路的腦區功能連結增加。本研究結果可得知，參與室外園藝活動後，受測者心理情緒狀態比未參與時要更正向，創意及正念腦區功能連結更強，總體而言，室外園藝活動對受測者生理及心理皆有正向效益。

Past research has confirmed the physical and mental benefits of performing horticultural activities, whether it is contact with soil or viewing plants, etc. (Lewis, 1994; Noone et al., 2017; S. A. Park, Lee, et al., 2016; Van Den Berg & Custers, 2011). Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technology has been used in research in the fields of physiology and psychology. Measuring brain activity is an objective method for assessing the impact of the environment on the subject's physiology (Norwood et al., 2019). In recent years, research in affective neuroscience has grown rapidly, and it is now possible to understand emotional processing in the brain through neuroimaging (LeDoux, 2000). Therefore, this study intends to use fMRI as a physiological measurement tool, and to use the Profile of Mood State (POMS) as a psychological measurement tool to explore the subject's emotional response after operating horticultural activities. Subjects underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging one week before participating in horticultural activities, and then participated in a five-week planting horticultural activity. During the period, functional magnetic resonance imaging was performed and analyzed according to different stages. (Such as site preparation and sowing, fertilize and weeding, harvest) The result of this study is that after participating in site preparation and sowing, the functional connectivity to the brain regions of emotional prosody network, mindfulness meditation, emotional regulation, self-control, and creative thinking increased; after participating in fertilization and weeding, the functional connectivity to brain regions of emotional perception and mindfulness meditation increased. ; After participating in the harvest, the functional connectivity to the brain regions of emotional prosody network, emotional perception, mindfulness meditation, creative thinking, and mirror neural networks increase. The results of this study show that after participating in outdoor horticultural activities, the subject's psychological and emotional state is more positive than when not participating, and the brain areas of creativity and mindfulness are stronger. Generally speaking, outdoor horticultural activities have a physical and psychological impact All have positive benefits.