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標題: | 銅元素都市代謝-以台北市為例 Urban Metabolism of Copper: The Case of Taipei City |
作者: | Chih-Yi Lin 林知以 |
指導教授: | 馬鴻文 |
關鍵字: | 都市代謝,元素流分析,銅, urban metabolism,substance flow analysis,copper, |
出版年 : | 2012 |
學位: | 碩士 |
摘要: | 都市隨著快速的人口成長以及密集的人類活動,對於服務與商品需求有著越來越龐大之趨勢;而作為這樣的社會及經濟發展中心,亦使得都市系統成為自然資源耗竭之主要熱點。因此對決策者而言,為了環境保護及資源永續利用等目標,針對特定元素流佈的都市層級研究便顯得十分重要。
本研究之目的為藉由盤查都市中詳細的元素流情形,進而了解相關都市代謝系統現狀以評估合宜策略。方法選用元素流分析(Substance Flow Analysis, SFA),以之量化在特定空間及時間邊界內元素的流動情形;其系統邊界設定為2009年之台北市。本研究所選擇之研究標的為銅,由於人類對銅資源的高度需求,以及這些需求所引發的持續性開採,致使其成為具耗竭危機之資源。另外,為更完整詮釋結果,選用Hedbrant and Sörme(HS method)與蒙地卡羅模擬( Monte Carlo simulation)以檢視資料之不確定性及偏誤。 原有國家層級之元素流分析架構,著重於生產、製造、使用及廢棄管理等階段,然而這樣的架構並不足以提供都市層級的高解析資料需求。因此,本研究建立有別於以往元素流分析架構的四層架構系統,配置詳盡的階段及流向,並包含人類圈、土壤圈、水圈與大氣圈的相互關係。 結果顯示2009年台北市消費約3萬公噸的銅,平均每人每年消費11公斤。其中以建築材料及消費性產品為大宗,分別佔輸入的45%及55%。元素流分析結果亦呈現輸入及輸出兩者間存在落差,可能為不明流向,甚或屬非法棄置;這些不明流向可以成為未來資源管理政策之重要目標。另外,元素流資料也能作為都市採礦(urban mining)等相關未來研究之基石。 Cities are social and economic hubs with escalating population density and intensive human activities which induce the enormous demand for service and goods, making urban areas the dominant hotspots of natural resource depletion. Research at an urban level with certain substance then becomes crucial to decision makers especially in terms of environment protection and resource conservation. The objective of this study is to construct an appropriate urban metabolism system to acquire detailed substance flows within a city to assist the evaluation of the current status and formulation of proper strategies. The method of substance flow analysis (SFA) is used to quantify the turnover of substance within specific spatial and temporal system boundaries, as Taipei City for the year 2009; the element copper is selected for being potential resource exhaustion. Also, the Hedbrant and Sörme (HS) method and Monte Carlo simulation are applied to examine the data extrapolation error and uncertainty. The generic process-oriented system for national level SFA is insufficient in providing the high resolution data required at an urban level. Hence, a new four-layered substance-oriented system which covers the interactions between anthroposphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere and pedosphere is established. Result shows that 30,000 tons of copper (11kg per capita) was consumed in Taipei City 2009, with the bulk flows construction material (45% of the total inflow) and consumer goods (55%). A gap between the inflow and outflow indicates the existence of unidentified flows or even illegal disposal, which might be the highlight of further policy-making and related issues such as urban mining in resource management. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/64445 |
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顯示於系所單位: | 環境工程學研究所 |
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