充水雙層殼結構抗爆性能及抗撞能力研究

Abstract

傳統的船艦結構除特定目的油水艙採用雙層殼體外，一般採用單殼結構，而近年來海上汙染防護的要求，對於油輪與散裝貨輪有雙層殼之需求，另外雷射電焊技術的精進，使肋骨較大的單層殼結構可考慮改成重量較輕的三明治結構，其型態為深度較小的雙層殼結構。近年來隨著人們對船艦抗爆衝擊的重視，雙層殼結構的抗爆性能也受到關注。本文主要探討船體雙層殼結構不同流體充填狀態的抗爆震特性以及其遭受撞擊瞬間的衝擊性能研究，並檢討衝擊波在流體間的傳遞特性以及其抗爆特性。 本文主要先針對基本水槽受高速爆炸衝擊以及低速球艏撞擊進行數值衝擊分析以了解流固耦合之簡單水槽結構固體與槽內流體受衝擊之基本動態特性，並且了解不同流體充填狀態，流體所扮演的吸能、阻抗及能量重新分配的角色，最後針對可行之不同船體雙層殼結構不同流體充填狀況受爆震波衝擊之動態特性。 由充水雙層殼之水下爆炸分析，顯示充水相較於未充水抗爆震性能有提升之抗爆震能力之效果。充水雙層殼遭受球型艏撞擊分析，顯示撞擊瞬間雙層殼內充水具有明顯緩衝傷害之功能，此研究可應用於機艙段之油水艙間雙層殼結構之布置。

The conventional ship structure is single hull in general, except of specified purpose, eq. water tank, oil tank etc. In recent years, the double hulls are taken into consideration in Bulk carriers and Tanker due to the protection of sea pollution after accident. Because of the development of laser welding technology, the metal sandwich structures have been proposed, and the traditional single hull structure can be replaced by smaller depth and lighter weight double hull. In recent years, people pay more attention to the anti-shock ability of ship. Accordingly, the anti-explosion performance in double hulls ship was concerned. In this research, the anti-shock property and the performance of reducing shock for double hulls with different fluid filled were studied, and the transfer mobility and anti-shock property of shock wave in fluid were discussed. In this study, firstly, the simulation for high speed under water explosion and low speed impact in ship collision were analyzed in order to understand the fundamental dynamic property of fluid and structure coupling in simplified tank structure. Secondly, the function of absorption, impedance and energy resetting provided by fluid in different fluid filling cases were understood. Finally, the dynamic property in different fluid filling case was employed in different double hulls ship. The underwater shock analysis of double hulls filled with water shows that the water filling case has better effect on anti-shock than no water case. Moreover, the impact analysis of double hulls with water filling shows that the filling water in double hulls can provide a buffer to the damage at the impact moment which could be utilized in the layout of oil and water tank structure in the cabin.