由病入詩�畫：徐渭之精神疾病及其隱喻書寫

Abstract

本論文以徐渭作品《徐渭集》及徐渭相關史料記載為主要探討文本，以徐渭之精神疾病為基準點出發，旨在研究此一重要事件的可能成因、結果及其對徐渭生命、創作所造成的影響。 本文先對徐渭的精神問題進行考察。知人論世，欲討論其文，必先知其人，然世人對徐渭究竟是真瘋或佯狂有太多猜想，說法莫衷一是。本文試圖集合文獻中關於徐渭精神疾病的線索，參酌中、西醫論述，以歸納法判斷其精神狀態究竟為何。初步確立其病類型後，便可進一步觀察徐渭如何在獄中自我治療。藝術治療與宗教養生，是徐渭面對及奮戰疾病的方法，在這過程中他漸獲好轉。 將此病拉回徐渭的人生歷程中看，在徐渭生命各階段，出現過許多對他影響甚鉅的人們，這些人對他的人格塑造與發病有直接或間接的影響。早年教育形塑了他的人格，亦為他未來發病埋下遠因；青年交遊影響了他的思想與文學；遊幕生涯則改變他的一生，直接導致他的發病、自療與價值觀轉變。這些人對徐渭的重要性，不言可喻，唯有了解他們才能進一步理解徐渭。 而在徐渭藝術自療的過程中，他的文學與繪畫成為不可分拆的二者。透過「隱喻」在不同載體間的穿越，徐渭的詩畫有機地結合，共同烘托呈現出詩人難言又欲言之心中情志，此種手法一直沿用到徐渭過世。本文將就各種隱喻一一討論，一探徐渭最終的關懷。

The thesis focuses on the works of Xu Wei and his historical records to explore the mental disorder of him, the possible causes of it and the impact on his works and life. In the beginning, this thesis studies the mental problems of Xu Wei. This paragraph attempts to collect the clues of Xu Wei’s mental illness, refer to medical discourse and determine what his disease type was. Then to observe that how did he treat himself. Art therapy and Tao were the methods. In the process, he was gradually improved. And there were people in Xu Wei’s life that had great influence on him. They had direct or indirect impact on his personality and disorder. Early years’ education had shaped his personality and also caused the future disorder. Youth friends affected his thought and literature. His career changed his life. To understand them is to understand Xu Wei. Through the process of Xu Wei’s art therapy, his literature and paintings became one part. Metaphor is the key. He can express his unspeakable opinions and emotions by metaphors. This paragraph will discuss the various metaphors he used to find his ultimate care.