兩岸民事裁判認可制度及司法實務之比較研究— 以近年法規變革為中心

Abstract

國際私法之三大領域國際裁判管轄權、準據法選擇、外國判決之承認與執行，兩岸間民事判決承認與執行為其中一環，始終為重要之議題。最高人民法院關於認可和執行臺灣地區法院民事判決的規定於 2015 年7月1日施行，對於認可之標的範圍、認可除不予認可外，新增駁回認可；受予以認可者具有法律效力，及對認可裁定不服者，得申請複議等重要規定；並增訂先受理法院規則，影響兩岸裁判認可及當事人權益。本文主要近年法規變革為中心，就兩岸實務案例為統計並分析，並比較觀察2015年修法後對兩岸之影響為何；及以國際裁判承認趨勢、歐盟精神作為提供兩岸未來司法互助協議之方向。

The three major areas of private international law are international adjudication jurisdiction, choice of applicable law, recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments, and recognition and enforcement of cross-strait civil judgments, which are always important issues. The provisions of the Supreme People’s Court on the recognition and enforcement of civil judgments of the Taiwan District Court came into effect on July 1, 2015. In addition to the non-recognition of the scope and recognition of the subject matter of the recognition, the rejection of the recognition is newly added; Those who disagree with the accreditation ruling may apply for important provisions such as reconsideration; and add the rules of first acceptance of the court, which will affect the cross-strait referee recognition and the rights and interests of the parties. This article mainly focuses on the changes in regulations in recent years, statistics and analysis of cross-strait practical cases, and compares and observes the impact on the cross-strait after the 2015 amendment; and the direction of providing international judicial mutual assistance agreements on the cross-strait with the international adjudication trend and the spirit of the EU.