中國社會企業營運模式之個案研究

Abstract

近年來，隨著國際社會企業的興起和發展，中國也出現了眾多各具特色的社會企業，願意投入社會企業事業的人群同樣在快速增加(中國社會企業年度報告，2013)。這些社會企業業務類型不一、規模不等、利潤模式也不盡相同，其中是否有模式可循？ 作者試圖將商業企業分析中常用的商業模式(Business Model)分析用於社會企業的分析中，因社會企業兼具營利性與社會福利性，故作者使用社會企業運營模式這一翻譯來取代商業模式這一翻譯。 通過使用BCG商業模式分析工具(BCG顧問公司，2009)及利害關係人分析模型(R. Edward Freeman，1984)對四個中國大陸社會企業成功個案進行分析，作者得出了四個社會企業個案的主要營運模式異同，並將四個社會企業個案總結為股東型社企、員工型社企、供應商型社企及顧客型社企四種模式。 最後，作者對這四種社企類型進行了綜合比較和分析，得出了針對社會企業創業者具有實用性的營運建議。

In recent years, with the rising and the development of social enterprises worldwide, China also appeared a number of distinctive social enterprises. People who are willing to involve into social enterprises are also in a rapid increase (Chinese social enterprise annual report, 2013). These different types of social enterprise are very different in business type, organization size and profit model. The author wondered whether there are patterns to follow in their business model. Author attempts to use the business model analysis which was commonly used in analyzing commercial enterprises to analyze social enterprises. Then the author obtained the key factor for classifying the different types of Chinese social enterprises and sorted the case-based social enterprises for four types by using the BCG business analysis model (BCG consultants, 2009) and the stakeholder analysis (R. Edward Freeman, 1984). The SEs in China are classified by shareholders-type SEs, employees-type SEs, suppliers-type SEs and customers-type SEs perspective. Finally, the author conducted a comprehensive comparison and analysis, and then gave the recommendations about SE management for social entrepreneurs.