董仲舒天論研究

Abstract

本文研究主題為董仲舒的天論哲學，目的欲通過董仲舒天論哲學的探究，重新反省董仲舒天論哲學的意義與價值，並回應當前學界的相關評論。本文第一章說明研究動機與目的、研究範圍、研究方法、學術成果的回顧、研究步驟。第二章探討董仲舒的思維方式。由董仲舒公羊學的詮釋方法入手，釐清董仲舒思維方式的主要特徵，並全面檢討董仲舒的思維方式。第三章探討中國古代天概念的演變，以及先秦各學派哲學理論與天概念的關聯，最後並探討董仲舒天概念中對先秦天概念的吸收成分。第四章展示董仲舒之天的結構，並詳細探討天的組成成分：陰陽、五行、四時在天道與人事上各有何作用與意義，最後將提出全面性的反省。第五章探討天的性質，對天的三大主要含義的相互關係提出說明，並探討元概念的意義和董仲舒的天人感應理論，最後將深入探討董仲舒之天的存有與價值問題。第六章探討董仲舒立基於天所開展出的人性論與政治哲學，並詳細討論其中的哲學問題。第七章總結本文研究成果，並探討當前學界批評董仲舒天論哲學的主要理由，最後將立基於本文研究成果對學界的相關批評提出回應。

Dong Zhong-Shu’s philosophy on Heaven is the theme of the doctoral thesis. My objective is to verify the significance of Dong’s philosophy on Heaven by exploring his works and contemporary researches on similar topics. Chapter one covers my objective, research scope, methodology and a review on contemporary achievement and approaches on this topic. Chapter two is on Dong’s way of thinking. It starts by how he interprets Kung-yang Commentary to Spring and Autumn, thereby verify the characteristics of his works and discuss his way of thinking comprehensively. Chapter three focuses on how the concept of Heaven formed in ancient China and its significance in various pre-Chin schools of philosophy, from which Dong constructs his own philosophy on Heaven. Chapter four illustrates the construction of Dong’s philosophy on Heaven and how its elements work in real world and life : Yin-Yang, Five Elements, Four Seasons. An overall review will follow. Chapter five discusses the characteristics of Heaven and the correlationship among its three meanings. The discussion covers the concept of Yuan, Dong’s theory on the mutual responsiveness of Heaven and humanity, and finally the ontology and philosophy of value Dong formulates with Heaven. Chapter six elaborates how Dong constructs his philosophy on humanity and politics based on his philosophy on Heaven and the issues he covers. Chapter seven is the summary, which includes how Dong’s philosophy on Heaven is criticized contemporarily and my response to the criticisms based on this thesis.