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標題: | 新文化運動知識分子的新時間意識與現代性的重新定義:以陳獨秀與梁漱溟為例 The New Consciousness of Time of New Culture Movement Intellectuals and the Redefinition of Modernity: The Cases of Chen Duxiu and Liang Shuming |
作者: | Philippe Major 馬斐力 |
指導教授: | 吳展良(Chan-liang Wu) |
關鍵字: | 陳獨秀,梁漱溟,新文化運動,五四運動,時間意識,現代性, Chen Duxiu,Liang Shuming,New Culture Movement,May Fourth Movement,Consciousness of Time,Modernity, |
出版年 : | 2013 |
學位: | 碩士 |
摘要: | 「現代性」可被視為當代學術界最重大的概念之一。關於該主題,雖然學術著作不勝枚舉,但是學者對現代性的意義並未能提出一致的意見。為了加深理解該現象,本論文分析現代性的基礎之一:即現代時間意識。在此時間觀中,歷史潮流的向前奔騰即單線又不可重複。並且,在現代化的過程中,人類能夠從過去的桎梏中解放出來而實現今生今世的天堂。
更具體地說,本論文探索新文化運動期間陳獨秀與梁漱溟文化觀、歷史觀、科學觀與民主觀中的時間意識。該探索的目的在於顯示陳、梁繼承在歐洲興起的現代時間意識的不少前提,如單線進化論以及對過去與現在之間關係的對立觀。不過,他們對時間與歷史也持不同的態度。陳氏較直接地接受歐洲中心主義的歷史觀,而梁氏則創造自己的人類進化模式,綜合現代時間意識、復三代之盛說和孔子文化觀。並且,他們儘管接受西方現代性及其時間意識的一些成分,但也有意無意地重新定義現代性與現代時間意識的意義。 本論文也試圖說明陳獨秀與梁漱溟接受及重新定義現代性與現代時間意識的現象能夠徵象新文化運動的歷史矛盾。意即,為了抵抗西方列強的侵略而實現自主化,當時的知識分子希望運用這些列強的工具本身(如科學與民主)。故此,無論是自覺或不自覺的,他們對西方現代性持模棱兩可的態度不足為奇。而且,該模棱兩可的態度反映現代性中的一個內在矛盾,即現代性一方面認為自己得以實現人類解放,但另一方面也與權力意志、帝國主義和壓迫具有密切關係。 Modernity is one of the most discussed concepts of contemporary academia. However, despite the great number of works devoted to it, no consensus truly exists as to its ultimate meaning. In order to deepen our understanding of this phenomenon, this thesis studies one of the very foundations of modernity: the modern consciousness of time. According to this view of time, the tide of history moves forwards in a unilinear and irreversible manner, freeing human beings from the shackles of the past and leading them to a this-worldly paradise. More precisely, this thesis explores the consciousness of time of Chen Duxiu and Liang Shuming as seen through their understanding of culture, history, science, and democracy during the New Culture Movement. It attempts to show how both Chen and Liang inherited many of the assumptions inherent to a modern consciousness of time which emerged in Europe, including a unilinear view of evolution as well as a predominantly antagonistic understanding of the relationship between past and present. However, Chen and Liang also developed a rather dissimilar perception of time and history, as Chen more directly adopted the Eurocentric definition of history, while Liang created his own model of human evolution in which a modern consciousness of time merged with a desire to revive the prosperity of the Three Dynasties and the cultural model promoted by Confucius. Moreover, their acceptance of some aspects of western modernity and its views of time was also paired with an attempt, whether conscious or not, to redefine the very meaning of modernity and the consciousness of time at its basis. This thesis will also try to argue that the acceptance and redefinition of modernity and the consciousness of time associated with it by Chen Duxiu and Liang Shuming is representative of the historical contradiction at the very basis of the New Cultural Movement. That is to say, intellectuals of this period wished to ward off foreign domination and achieve independence by using the very tools (such as science and democracy) of these foreign powers, and as such could not but consciously or unconsciously betray an essentially ambivalent attitude vis-à-vis Western modernity. This ambivalence also reflects the tension underlying modernity itself, between its claims to human emancipation on the one hand, and its intricate relationship with the will to power, imperialism, and domination on the other. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/61988 |
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顯示於系所單位: | 歷史學系 |
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