違反平等之授益排除案件的違憲宣告模式

Abstract

這篇論文旨在探討：當大法官面對違反平等之授益排除這種案件的時候，應作出如何之違憲宣告？申言之，當有一個法規範只給予A群體利益，卻不給予B群體利益，假使這樣的法規範牴觸憲法第7條的平等原則，則大法官應作出何種違憲宣告？這個問題的特殊地方在於，立法者手上握有多種清除此違憲狀態的可能方法。讓A跟B都拿到利益，是一種平等；讓A跟B都拿不到利益，是一種平等；讓A跟B重新以另外一種方式來分配利益，也是一種平等。因此，此時大法官應作出何種違憲宣告，即待思量。 在回顧完我國的司法實務以及學說文獻之後，這篇論文嘗試參考德國法方面的見解，來為這個問題尋求解方。在德國，對於這個問題可能的解方有三種：「單純違憲宣告」、「部分無效宣告」以及「全部無效宣告」。這篇論文在介紹完這三種違憲宣告模式之後，嘗試討論其於我國法上適用的可行性，並提出個人的見解。最後，這篇論文並以這項個人的見解作為標準，回頭檢視我國的學說見解以及司法實務。

This thesis discusses, when a regulation favoring Group A over B, and given that such a regulation is incompatible with the principle of equality (Article 7 of the Constitution of Taiwan), what kind of unconstitutional declaration the Justices should make. The peculiarities of this question are the fact that, in the case of violation of the principle of equality, several possibilities of correction of said unconstitutional condition are available to the Legislator. It is equal, that Group A and B both have the same interest, or Group A and B both have nothing. Even the situation, that Group A and B share the interest in another way, which corresponds to the principle of equality, is also equal. For this reason, in this case, what kind of unconstitutional declaration that the Justices should make, becomes something to be considered. After examining related constitutional interpretations made by the Justices of the Taiwanese Constitutional Court and academic literatures in Taiwan, this thesis tries to seek the solution to this problem by referring to the opinions in Germany, namely, the decisions of The Federal Constitutional Court and academic literatures in Germany. In Germany, there are three possible solutions to this problem: “The declaration of incompatibility”, “The declaration of partial Annulment” and “The declaration of complete Annulment”. After presenting these three models of unconstitutional declarations, this thesis attempts to discuss their applicability in our country and offer some personal insights. Finally, based on these personal insights, this thesis traces back to all doctrinal insights and related constitutional interpretations in Taiwan.