三疊氮雙環癸烯官能化核殼結構氧化鐵/氧化矽奈米粒子於共溶劑萃取微藻油脂轉換生質柴油之催化應用

Abstract

近半世紀以來再生能源原料之研究受到全球各界關注。其中，比起其他生質原料如大豆、甘蔗以及玉米等，由於微藻的較佳的環境友善性、低土地佔有率以及高產油率，微藻被認為極具有取代傳統石化燃料的可能性。為了能有效利用微藻內的油脂，植物細胞壁的破壞或是油脂的萃取技術成為重要的課題之一。因此，本論文將分析整理從微藻原料產製生質柴油前，不同預處理後的原料如乾藻，溼藻、粗製藻油對於後續轉酯化反應之影響。（註：本轉酯化反應係以甘油酯以及甲醇為原料生成脂肪酸甲酯） 透過本論文中的數據分析，藉由共溶劑萃取法製成的粗製藻油是較佳的油料來源。雙環胍型（註：本論文使用Triazabicyclodecene, TBD）的鹼性官能化氧化鐵氧化矽奈米粒子在常壓65oC的環境行轉酯化催化反應，其最佳的產率為97.13%。本催化劑屬核殼結構，若包含氧化矽的殼，其粒徑為20.0奈米；其氧化鐵核的粒徑為15.2奈米並具有超順磁性，可在ㄧ分鐘內完成催化劑在反應液的分離。因此，在與其他以商業化的催化劑比較後，我們認為此催化劑提供生質柴油產製的過程中低反應門檻、高產率以易回收的催化劑選擇。

Renewable energy sources have received great attention as substitutes for fossil fuels, and among them, micro-algae has become a potential choice because it is more eco-friendly, occupies less land, and has a higher production rate than other candi-dates such as soybeans, sugar canes, and corn. However, with lipids (i.e. glycerides) accumulated during metabolism, cell wall is the barrier between lipids and solid cata-lysts. Fatty acid methyl esters, which are the so-called biodiesel, can be produced through transesterification. Herein, we analyzed and summarized the merits and drawbacks of three types of oil sources (i.e. dried algae, algae oil, and algae concen-trate) as reactants in a one-pot biodiesel conversion process. Algae oil was extracted through a modified co-solvent extraction method and is considered to be an ideal oil source in this thesis. Through transesterification at nor-mal pressure and 65oC, the highest yield is 97.13% that was achieved by using triazabicyclodecene functionalized Fe3O4@silca nanoparticles with a diameter of 20.0 nm as catalyst. With Fe3O4 cores of a diameter of 15.2 nm, catalytic nanoparticles can be separated from solution within one minute under an external magnetic field due to their superparamagnetism. Therefore, we provided a recyclable catalyst with a low reaction threshold but high FAME yield in this thesis.