人與動物之權利關係-以娛樂動物為例

Abstract

在人類的文明社會中，動物因各種不同的利用需求而受苦，動物福利在歡愉 的人類娛樂活動中受到漠視，近年來已有不少報告揭露娛樂動物經常在教育目的 的包裝下，受到圈養與訓練的不人道待遇，逐漸引起重視。本研究論文嘗試以不 同研究方法，探討動物權利與動物福利在現實生活中的運用。 第一部分歸納陳述動物保護意識與運動興起的歷史發展，分析人類權利概念 的源流與可能引渡至動物範疇的過程，並從與彼得辛格的效益主義式動物權，與 湯姆雷根的強動物權理論分析人與動物的權利關係。 第二部分使用實際觀察、問卷統計與訪談方法，以理解娛樂動物在動物園與 生態園區內的處境，從中發現遊客與經營者的認知有所差異，園區水準參差不齊， 人類的理性認知與行為選擇亦存在落差，顯示政策制度與動物權利教育之不足， 本文建議從政府保護法令與機制，園區經營者的公益責任兩大重點切入，試圖以 動物權利精神影響人類之道德推理，使人與動物之權利關係更加和諧正義。

In the modern civilized human society, animals suffer from all kinds of exploitation and the interests of animals are being ignored by men during entertainment activities. In recent years, it has brought attention to people and more than a few reports have disclosed that animals are captive and trained by inhuman ways for entertaining in the name of educational purposes. This thesis will attempt to use various study methods to canvass the implementation of animal rights and welfare in real life. In the first part, it will sum up and state the historical animal protection awareness and movements, analyze the originating of human rights concept and the procedure of the possibility of applying such concept to animals as well as the rights between people and animals based on Peter Singer’s utilitarianism animal rights and Tom Regan’s strong animal rights. In the second part, we will use actual observations, surveys, interviews to realize the different circumstances between animals kept in the zoo for entertainment and those in the nature. We then will discover the different understandings between the zoo tourists and owners, the different environments in the zoos, and the discrepancy between human rational and behavioural choices. Based on the aforementioned research, it will show the lack of mechanism and education for animal interests by people. Therefore, this thesis suggests to make the relationship between human and animal rights more harmonious and righteous by trying to affect the moral reasoning of people through animal spirits based on two main points: the legal and governmental mechanisms and the community responsibility of the zoo owners.