影響個體水災調適行為因素之研究

Abstract

台灣常見的水災除了發生在地勢較低的地區外，一些都市地區尚可能因為過度開發、與河爭地、排水設施或防洪河堤設計不良，以及違反自然環境的土地利用方式等人為因素，而成為主要的水災受災區。在這些水災風險較高的都市地區中，常發現當個體面臨水災威脅時，會採取不同的水災調適行為來回應水災並保護家戶中的其它人免於水災的威脅，因此不同的個體水災調適行為也導致了家戶間水災損失程度的不同。針對此一過程，本研究以災害識覺、保護動機理論以及調適能力的概念，探討影響個體水災調適行為的因素，其中用以檢驗個體水災調適行為的面向分別有水災經驗、心理因素、水災風險評估、水災調適行為評估以及調適能力。新北市新莊區的後西地區中的七個里是本研究的研究區域，居民的問卷調查是採用立意抽樣的方式，有效問卷為203份。結果顯示水災經驗、心理因素、水災風險評估、個體水災調適行為評估以及調適能力等五個面向，都會使水災調適行為產生差異，而水災調適行為評估則是這五個面向中最重要的影響面向。

In general, the low-lying areas are flood-prone areas. In Taiwan, however, the flood-prone urban areas usually caused by the human factors which including over exploitation, river reservation captured, the bad design of drainage and Embankment. When flood occurred, some household taken adaptation to mitigate the impact of flood, and other did not. Why some household take flood adaptation while others do not? To answer this question, a research conception of adaptation based on Hazard Perception, Protection Motivation Theory and Adaptive Capacity is developed, explaining adaptation by residents’ previous flood experience, psychological cognition, risk of future floods, flood adaptation appraisal, and adaptive capacity. The participants in this study are home in Hou-Qi, Xinzhuang district, New Taipei City. The Sampling method is purposive sampling. Results of the study show the explanatory power of the logistic model with five factors as mentioned above. To motivate residents in flood-prone urban areas to take more adaptation, it is essential to find which group has less probable to take apaptation and improve theirs’ flood adaptation appraisal.