アニメにおけるオノマトペの性質 ―種類、形態的特徴、統語的特徴の観点から―

Abstract

本研究的主要目的為考察日本的動畫中的擬聲語和擬態語的量和使用頻次。根據先行研究，有７成到８成的日文學習者開始學日文的契機是因為日本的動畫或漫畫。漫畫中的擬聲語和擬態語較多，因而對想透過漫畫學日文的學習者來說擬聲語和擬態語為必須學會的詞彙，但是有關日本的動畫中的擬聲語和擬態語的使用狀態和使用頻次的研究至今仍未被考察過。因此，本研究以11動畫作品為對象，分別從高、中、低的使用頻次來觀察動畫中的擬聲語和擬態語的使用狀況及種類、形態和用法上的特徵。同時並利用和其他語料的比較進一步掌握動畫中的頻繁出現的擬聲語和擬態語的特徵。 透過本研究，發現動畫中的擬聲語和擬態語的使用頻次不亞於書面語及口語中的使用頻次，而且頻繁出現。若以種類別來看，其中“人・擬態語”於高、中、低頻次語常出現，“擬音語和擬聲語”則只出現於低頻次語。至於擬聲語和擬態語的形態，則以“CVCV”的反復形態最多；而高、中頻次則以“CVQCVri”的形態居多。無論哪一個頻次，副詞用法是比較常被使用的。最後，將動畫中的擬聲語和擬態語與報紙，雜誌，連續劇，漫畫，初、中級教科書等語料進行比對後，發現動畫中的高頻次擬聲語和擬態語與前述語料之重疊率幾乎是百分之百，而中頻次語與教科書和漫畫以外的語料則大約是４０％。 關鍵字：擬聲語和擬態語、動畫、語料、使用頻次、形態・用法的特徵

This thesis aims to discover what sort of onomatopoeia are used in Japanese anime and the frequency of their use. According to past research, 70 to 80 percent of Japanese learners site anime or manga as their reason for taking up Japanese. Moreover, since onomatopoeia are prevalent in manga, they are thought to be required study for students who wish to read manga. However, onomatopoeia frequency in anime remains unknown. Therefore, this paper surveys 11 anime series, looking to uncover if onomatopoeia occur frequently, the type, morphology, and syntactic characteristics of the onomatopoeia, and the differences between high, middle, and low frequency words. Furthermore, these are then compared to those words frequently seen in other corpora. This survey shows that compared to literary and spoken language corpora, onomatopoeia are used frequently in anime. We also learn that the most common type of onomatopoeia across all frequencies is “Person – Gitaigo”. “Giseigo” and “Giongo” are limited to low frequency words. The most prevalent morphological type overall is the “CVCV” double mora form. However, among high and middle frequency onomatopoeia, we find the “CVQCVri” form occurring most often. A study of the syntactic characteristics reveals that onomatopoeia adverbial usage is the most used grammatical function regardless of frequency level. Finally, we reveal that the high frequency onomatopoeia in anime occur frequently in many types of corpora, including newspaper, magazine, drama, manga, elementary and intermediate textbook corpora. Excluding manga and textbooks, middle frequency words in anime share an average overlap of 40% with other corpora. Keywords: onomatopoeia, anime, corpora, frequency, morphologic and syntactic characteristics