請用此 Handle URI 來引用此文件:
http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/59819
標題: | 犬隻大腿與小腿於膝關節被動屈曲/伸展時皮膚表面標記點 軟組織移動誤差之量化研究 Quantitative Analysis of Soft Tissue Artifacts on the Thigh and Shank of the Canine Hindlimb in Passive Stifle Flexion/Extension |
作者: | Chia-Lin Chang 張加霖 |
指導教授: | 武敬和 |
關鍵字: | 犬隻步態分析,軟組織移動誤差,皮膚表面標記動作捕捉技術,以模型為基礎之追蹤定位技術,立體攝影術, canine kinematic analysis,soft tissue artifact,marker-based motion capture,model-based tracking,stereophotogrammetry, |
出版年 : | 2017 |
學位: | 碩士 |
摘要: | 以皮膚表面標記為基礎的動作捕捉技術,目前已被應用於小動物臨床醫學領 域,如評估骨關節或神經性疾病導致的步態異常,或是用於評估手術介入後的治療 成效。然而此方法於應用上會受到皮膚以及軟組織與其下方骨骼於動物運動過程 中發生相對位移而產生誤差,此即為軟組織移動誤差。目前已有許多文獻深入探討 人類步態分析中動作捕捉技術的軟組織移動誤差,然而犬隻於這方面的研究仍十 分稀少。過去僅有兩篇文獻直接針對犬隻步態分析的軟組織移動誤差進行分析研 究,研究結果皆顯示軟組織移動誤差的存在,但研究方法受限於單平面研究與缺乏 精確的量化分析,而犬隻軟組織移動誤差的量化研究應藉由精準量測皮膚表面標 記點於三維空間中與其下骨骼之相對位移。本研究旨在整合電腦斷層骨模型與 X 光透視攝影影像,對比傳統皮膚表面標記光學式動作捕捉系統所得到之結果,量化 犬隻於膝關節獨立屈曲/伸展時軟組織移動在三維空間中導致皮膚表面標記的位 置誤差與其趨勢。研究中使用以模型為基礎的影像追蹤與定位技術,透過電腦斷層 骨表面模型結合膝關節透視攝影影像,獲得股骨與脛腓骨於三維空間中之精確位 置,同時以光學式動作捕捉系統捕捉被動運動時皮膚表面標記之移動軌跡,最後藉 由校正裝置所獲得之轉移矩陣,即可進行系統空間座標轉換,進行兩系統之皮膚表 面標記位置差距比較。研究最終共納入 6 隻健康混種中大型成犬,結果顯示在犬 隻膝關節被動運動過程中,皮膚表面標記相對於其下骨骼將出現明顯的位移,且與 膝關節屈曲角度並非呈現良好之線性關係。大腿肢段所得之平均軟組織移動誤差 為6.04 ± 0.61mm,顯著高於小腿的4.13±0.82mm(P=0.009)。大腿外側標記點 隨膝關節屈曲,往前側位移之誤差將趨於明顯。股骨外側上髁與內側上髁之標記點則隨膝關節屈曲,往後側位移之誤差更加明顯。大腿前側標記點為該肢段上誤差最 大的區域,且隨膝關節屈曲,往遠端位移之誤差更加顯著。小腿部分,以外側近端 標記點之軟組織移動誤差最大,且隨膝關節屈曲,往前側位移之誤差會更加顯著。 小腿前側及遠端標記點誤差之平均方均根值均小於 4 mm。本研究與過去人類下肢 軟組織移動誤差之相關文獻得到類似的結果,以整體肢段而言,軟組織移動所造成 的誤差在大腿肢段上比小腿更明顯,推測可能與大腿豐富的軟組織覆蓋有關。而軟 組織移動誤差較大之區域位於大腿前側與小腿外側近端,約可達 8 mm。
總結來說,本研究顯示在犬隻膝關節被動屈曲/伸展下,個別皮膚表面標記點 因軟組織移動導致的誤差在程度與方向上皆有所差異。基於此量化結果將可應用 於改善未來進行犬隻運動學量測時最佳皮膚表面標記組的選擇並提供標記點黏貼 的建議位置資訊,同時有助於犬隻軟組織移動誤差補償模型的發展,以期改善因軟 組織移動造成的關節與肢段運動學量測誤差,最終提高以皮膚表面標記為基礎的 動作捕捉技術在犬隻臨床步態分析應用的精確性。 The skin marker-based motion capture had been used in small animals for the evaluation of orthopedic abnormalities and the associated treatment outcomes. However, a major source of errors of the approach is the associated soft tissue artifacts (STA) characterized as the movement of the soft tissue and skin relative to the underlying bones. Although the STA associated to the human kinematic analysis had been extensively investigated, to the authors’ knowledge, there were only two studies on the STA in dogs, which concluded that the STA does exist and has to be accounted for during canine kinematic analysis. However, the previous STA studies were limited by the planar analysis. For comprehensively characterizing the STA in dogs, measurement of three-dimensional (3- D) skin marker movement with respect to the underlying bones is warranted. The objective of this study is to assess in vivo the STA of selected markers on the thigh and shank of the canine hind limb at different stifle flexion angles. To address the issue, the motion capture system was incorporated with a C-arm fluoroscopy system for simultaneously measuring the coordinates of the skin markers and the fluoroscopic images of the stifle joint. A model-based tracking technique was applied to integrate the CT and fluoroscopic images of the stifle joint for determining the accurate 3-D poses of the femur and tibia, from which the displacement of the skin markers with respect to the corresponding bones could be derived. Total six healthy mixed, medium-to-large breed dogs were recruited. The results showed considerable movements of the skin markers relative to the underlying bones in a non-linear pattern during passive stifle flexion. During stifle flexion, the lateral thigh markers were displaced anteriorly and the anterior thigh markers were displaced proximally from the reference positions. The lateral shank markers were displaced anteriorly. The results of the current study were in agreement with the previous studies on lower limb STA in human. Generally, the amplitude of STA were greater around the stifle joint and the overall STA of the thigh markers were greater than those of shank markers, which might be explained by the abundant soft tissues coverage on the thigh. In conclusion, the findings demonstrated that the STA pattern of each marker were different in directions and magnitude. The better understanding of these errors was considered helpful for further developing STA-compensation algorithms in canine motion analysis. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/59819 |
DOI: | 10.6342/NTU201700410 |
全文授權: | 有償授權 |
顯示於系所單位: | 臨床動物醫學研究所 |
文件中的檔案:
檔案 | 大小 | 格式 | |
---|---|---|---|
ntu-106-1.pdf 目前未授權公開取用 | 7.23 MB | Adobe PDF |
系統中的文件,除了特別指名其著作權條款之外,均受到著作權保護,並且保留所有的權利。