中南部學生畢業後返鄉就業意願分析 —以國立臺灣大學為例

Abstract

本論文主要探討中南部學生畢業後是否返鄉就業，針對就業市場認知、家庭凝聚力與社會網絡的因素，在不同的變項之下影響其返鄉就業之意願。本研究採用順序邏輯斯迴歸分析，經實證研究發現 (1) 在300位受測者中，有意願返鄉就業的中南部學生佔比56.4%，沒意願返鄉就業的學生佔比43.7%，意願比例接近。 (2) 若對家鄉的就業市場與薪資認知越好，中南部學生返鄉就業的意願越高。 (3) 在家庭凝聚力適中的情形下，其返鄉就業意願會顯著高於家庭凝聚力極低組；但家庭凝聚力極高組則與家庭凝聚力適中組無顯著差異。 (4) 在家鄉中所建立的社會網絡越為良好，中南部學生返鄉就業的意願越高，其三項子構面中的「結構面」及「社會支持」呈現顯著的正向影響；但在「聯繫面」上呈現反向影響。總體來說，中南部各縣市政府宜推廣優質就業資訊，及強化中南部學生在地社會網絡，促使人才回流。

The purpose of this study is to examine students from central and southern Taiwan regarding their inclination to return to their hometowns for employment after graduation. Such inclination is under the influence of different variables, including the subjects’ awareness of the employment market, their family cohesion, and other social network related factors. For this paper, sequential logistics regression analysis was conducted in an empirical study with the following findings: (1) among the 300 respondents, 56.4% of students from central and southern Taiwan were willing to return to their hometowns for employment, while 43.7% of the respondents were unwilling to seek employment in their hometowns. The subjects in both groups were fairly close in number; (2) students from central and southern Taiwan with higher awareness of the employment market and wages demonstrated higher inclination to return to their hometowns for employment; (3) subjects with moderate family cohesion demonstrated significantly higher inclination to return to their hometowns for employment compared to subjects with low family cohesion. However, there was no significant difference in such inclinations between subjects with very high family cohesion and subjects with moderate family cohesion; (4) subjects who have constructed better social networks in their hometowns would also have higher inclination to return to their hometowns for employment, and their inclination was positively correlated to the sub-aspects of “structure” and “social support” among the three sub-aspects. However, it is negatively correlated to the aspect of “connection”. In general, central and southern municipal governments should promote more opportunities for quality employment and boost the local social networks for students from central and southern Taiwan in order to facilitate greater return of talents to their hometowns.