多功能迴旋式集材機作業效率評估－以蓮華池肖楠人工林選擇疏伐集材作業為例

Abstract

因應國際木材貿易市場供給緊縮及木材價格升高，逐步提高臺灣木材自給率有其必要。臺灣林業亦面臨高齡化及人力成本升高的衝擊，提高作業機械自動化程度至為關鍵。臺灣林業為克服山區陡峭地形已廣用架線集材系統，但隨臺灣木材伐採量的下滑，集材技術與科技停滯不前，甚至有失傳之虞。多山的林業先進國家，如奧地利與日本，使用及開發林業機械多年。臺灣林業吸取國外經驗，並自主研發多功能迴旋式集材機運用於林木採運作業。本研究在林業試驗所蓮華池研究中心的肖楠人工林中，運用工作研究中的時間研究法試驗此機械於選擇疏伐集材作業的工作效率。 平均每次集材循環時間為13分鐘，平均每人每日材積為1.11 m3，暫定每日機械作業量為6.05 m3，單位材積集材作業成本5,297元。 較佳的工作時間線性回歸式: 每回工時 = 6.5123 X 集材距離 建議未來在人力編組、機械操作與架線方式多方配合，以形成較佳的作業模式；機械性能提升，可於集材捲筒減速機變速、改裝空檔離合器與加裝煞車系統方面著手改進。

Due to worldwide shrinking of wood supply and the rising of wood price, it has become important to gradually enhance domestic wood supply in Taiwan. The Taiwan forestry industry is also affected by the increasing population aging, lack of workforce and high wages, and therefore the level of automation and mechanization are becoming crucial as well. To overcome difficulties of working within the steep, mountainous terrain, the forestry industry in Taiwan has applied cable yarding system and put it to broad use. However, as the volume of fellings drops, the development of cable yarding technology is at a standstill, and the relevant skills are at a risk of not being passed down. Several mountainous countries with advanced forestry, like Japan and Austria, have used and developed high-performance forestry machines for years. The Taiwanese forestry industry is learning from them and developing a self-made swing yarder. This research aims to test the yarding efficiency of this self-made machine by time study in a selective thinning operation in Taiwan Incense Cedar plantation, which locates at Lienhuachih Research Center of Taiwan Forestry Research Institute. Our results indicate the average cycle time is 13 minutes, the average productivity of each worker per day is 1.11 m3/day/worker, the temporary machine productivity of this machine is 6.05 m3/day, and the unit volume yarding cost is NTD 5,297/m3. Recommended linear regression model: Recommended linear regression model: Cycle time = 6.5123 X Yarding distance. These results suggest that, in order to create a better operation model, the assignment of workers, the operation of the machine, and the design of cable yarding system should be highly coordinated; to enhance the yarder's efficiency, we could consider refitting the transmission, modifying the clutch, and adding a brake system.