從開始到停止，不只是你看到的-青少年從受凌到霸凌的生命故事

Abstract

台灣社會近年對霸凌議題有較多的重視，關注的焦點大多置於受凌者身上，然而，受凌者需要幫助，霸凌者亦需要幫助。霸凌者中，有一部分人曾有受凌經驗，或同時兼具受凌者身分，稱為霸凌兼受凌者。本研究透過傾聽研究參與者的生命故事，了解霸凌兼受凌者從受凌轉變到霸凌，終至停止霸凌的整個過程中，其心態與想法的轉變歷程，以及霸凌兼受凌者需要怎樣的幫助，讓社會能更了解霸凌兼受凌者的處境，並試圖找出停止或減少霸凌的可行方向。 本研究採用質性研究的深度訪談法，經由網路徵募到七位年齡介於19~29歲、過去曾為霸凌兼受凌者的研究參與者進行訪談，研究參與者之受凌及霸凌經驗皆發生於青少年時期，透過回溯經驗的方式討論。研究發現，先有受凌經驗而後成為霸凌者的人，在受凌時往往得不到正當管道的幫助與支持，在只能選擇靠自己的情況下，為了使自己脫離受凌處境、避免自己再度成為受凌者或宣洩受凌情緒與壓力，而轉變為霸凌者。在停止霸凌方面，教師與家人為成人介入霸凌的關鍵，而社工及專任專業輔導人員則能提供介入霸凌所需的協助與資源；旁觀者的角色尤其重要，當旁觀者不再沉默，能成為積極的協助者時，對霸凌議題會有正向的影響。

The society of Taiwan has paid more and more attention to bullying in recent years. Most of the time, we focus on the issues related victims. However, the bullies also need help. In fact, some bully people had experienced victimizations before they became bullies, or might have been being victims at the same time, the called bully-victims. This study attempts to understand the experiences of the bully-victims by listening to their life stories. By understanding their needs in the process of transforming victims into bullies, and finally stop bullying, could be helpful. It is expected that the society can better understand the situations of bully-victims, and then develops a feasible direction to stop or reduce bullying. Qualitative research design was used in this study. Data were collected by in-depth interviews with 7 participants who were recruited by the internet. The participants are between the age of 19 to 29, and they had experienced victims and bullies during their adolescence. We discussed their experiences by retrospection. The study found that those who had victimizations before becoming bullies usually didn’t receive help nor support when they were victims. They had to rely on themselves to face the situation. In order to make themselves out of the victimization, to avoid becoming victims again, or to alleviate their stress, they had no choice but becoming bullies. To stop bullying, the interventions by adults, especially teachers and family members are important. In addition, school social workers and counselors can also provide necessary assistance and resources. The role of bystanders is particularly important. If the bystanders can be no longer silent, their assistance will have helped the victims out of bullying.