銀耳之鄉與品牌農村：從閩東食用菌產業看當代中國地方經濟的轉型與變遷

Abstract

本文以閩東古田縣的食用菌產業的發展過程為例，探討當地農村在現代化與市場化的過程下所面臨的轉型與變遷。 本文以兩個中國農村不同的經濟發展為例，重新思索中國地方經濟的特質，指出兩個不同社會結構的農村如何使用不同的社會機制發展出不同形式的地方經濟模式，並用不同的方式與國家和資本市場互動。本文檢視此一過程中國家、地方政府、資本市場與民間的關係，指出國家政策落實在地方社會所產生的斷裂與變形，以及地方社會如何在政策縫隙中發展出新的地方論述、運用不同的方式和外界接合，甚至透過經濟產業本身創造出新的經濟型式與新的農村社會想像。 在此經濟是邊陲社會重新扣連家戶與村落、個人與社會、地方與國家間的媒介，地方社會更透過經濟重新連結自身與外界，以此建構出中國層次分明的地方與國家關係。

This article discusses the development of mushroom industry in Gutian (古田縣), a small and distant county which located in eastern Fujian. After suffering from a period of hunger and poverty, Gutian has experienced an enormous transformation during China's economic reform since the late 1970's. As becoming one of the largest fungi producing area in china, Gutian now is known as 'the land of fungi '(食用菌之鄉). This article tries to explore how the mushroom industry mediate local society between new power struggle, by presenting two villages in Gutian, Daiqiao village (大橋村) and Jiannong village(前壠村),both of them are famous in mushroom industry, but function in completely different ways. By avoiding the penetration of state and capital subtly, Daiqiao Village created an unique local pattern of white fungus(銀耳) producing, in which economic system was embedded into local culture and social networks, intertwined with an independent local market and a set of ambiguous ,secret and unpredictable local knowledge. On the contrary, Jiannong Village reconstructed their mushroom industry by establishing local agricultural brand, in this process the state government, local cadres and businessmen act together to build a new ' agricultural cooperative system', in which local industry was fused into an imagination of modernity and commercialization. by examining the creation of local mushroom industry, this article argues that local economic systems, articulated by power and capital, not only reconstructed mushroom industry with modern feature, but also transformed industry itself with local social and cultural discourses.