印尼對中國的政策論述與對華人的身分建構－1950-2012

Abstract

本文旨在探討印尼對中國的政策論述，並解釋印尼與中國之間的關係建構出印尼華人的身分意識。本文分別探討從1950年印尼獨立之後與中國的友誼關係，到1967年印尼新秩序政權時期，印尼與中國走向敵對的狀態；1998年印尼走向民主化之後與中國開啟更密切的關係，並在2005年兩國在外交上簽署戰略夥伴關係。在兩國之間反反覆覆的外交關係，也造成不同的華人政治思想與身分意識，在印尼獨立時期華人的身分是屬於中華人民共和國與中華民國的公民，在印尼新秩序政權時則變成國內的外來族；隨著印尼民主化與中國崛起，華人在印尼又建構出新的國族，就是印尼華族。最後，本文認為印尼與中國的關係會影響印尼華人身分認同的建構。

This thesis focuses on Indonesia’s policy discourse towards China and explains the identity consciousness of Chinese in Indonesia based on the relationship construction between China and Indonesia. After the independence, Indonesia started the relationship with China in 1950; during the New Order government from 1967, however, Indonesia and China moved towards an adverse status. After the democratization of Indonesia in 1998, a closer relationship with China restarted; moreover, the two countries even signed strategic partnership relation. The inconsistent diplomatic relationship between Indonesia and China leads to the different political thought and identity consciousness among Chinese in Indonesia. During the period of independence, Chinese in Indonesia belonged to the citizens either of People’s Republic of China or Republic of China; yet Chinese then turned to be aliens in the New Order government. Along with the democratization in Indonesia and the rise of China, Chinese in Indonesia constructs a neo-nationalism, i.e. Indonesian Chinese. Lastly, I conclude that the relationship between Indonesia and China has been influencing the identity construction among Chinese in Indonesia.