社經地位對環境行為的影響

Abstract

本研究目的有五：(1)解析台灣民眾的環境行為類型；(2)探討民眾的社經地位與其環境行為間的關連，並釐清經濟地位和社會地位分別與環境行為的關係；(3)了解民眾的經濟地位對其環境行為的影響是否存在閾限效果；(4)釐清台北都會區之經濟地位對其環境行為影響的閾限效果是否有別於其他地區；(5)探究台北都會區之社會地位對其環境行為影響是否有別於其他地區。本研究使用中央研究院社會學研究所於2010年執行之「台灣社會變遷基本調查計畫」第六期第一次環境組的問卷調查資料為分析基礎，採用潛在類別模式、多類別邏輯迴歸模式和分段迴歸模式進行分析。本研究主要的研究發現為：41.49%的台灣民眾屬於「規範性環境行為型」，44.26%的民眾屬於「個人性環境行為型」，其餘4.25%的民眾則屬於「全面性環境行為型」。台灣民眾的社經地位與其環境行為有關，高社經地位者較可能傾向「個人性環境行為型」和「全面性環境行為型」；社經地位當中，社會地位對環境行為的影響力大於經濟地位。經濟地位對環境行為的影響存在閾限效果；經濟地位低於閾限值者較可能偏向「個人性環境行為型」，經濟地位高於閾限值者則較可能偏向「規範性環境行為型」。經濟地位對環境行為影響的閾限效果可能會因為民眾的居住地區不同而改變，但是社會地位對環境行為的影響可能不存在地區差異。

This study has five purposes: (1) to explore the environmental behavior of Taiwanese; (2) to investigate the association between SES and environmental behavior, and compare the association between economic status and environmental behavior with the association between social status and environmental behavior; (3) to examine the threshold effect of economic status on environmental behavior; (4) to investigate the impact of region in which an individual lives on the threshold effect of economic status on environmental behavior; (5) to examine whether the effect of social status on environmental behavior differ by the region an individual lives. Using data from the Survey of Taiwan Social Change in 2010 by Survey Research Center of Academia Sinica, Taiwan. Latent class models are utilized to identify latent types of environmental behavior, and multinomial logit regression and spline regression is applied to examine the effects of socioeconomic status on environmental behavior. Results suggest that individuals are divided into three types: normed environmental behavior (41.49%), individual environmental behavior (44.26%) and comprehensive environmental behavior (14.25%). SES has significant impact on environmental behavior, but only social status has significant impact on environmental behavior. Moreover, there is significant threshold effect of economic status on environmental behavior. There is regional difference in determination of environmental behavior, except the effect of social status on environmental behavior.