紡織染整業採購最佳化之研究

Abstract

在典型的紡織供應鏈中，處於中游的織布、染整業通常需要同時面對為數不少的上游供應商以及下游的成衣廠；織布、染整業者通常會面臨的問題包括需要快速地回應市場最終買者的需求，以及原料的價格隨時間的波動。 本研究針對國內中小型企業之紡織染整業為探討主體，基於MRP系統，加入採購成本變動及資金持有限制，建構一個新的數量模型。並以數學規劃方式求解，藉由模型結果，探討當原料採購成本變動、且企業擁有兩種不同原料選擇時，企業如何即時滿足下游需求，並達成利潤最大化。最後，以敏感度分析方式，了解在不同情形時，企業該如何完成利潤最大化。本研究得出之結論如下： 1. 當下游廠商當期支付比例越高，企業利潤隨之上升。而下游廠商當期支付比例增加到一定比例後，企業利潤之增加速度將漸趨緩慢。 2. 期初持有資金對企業利潤之影響與下游廠商當期支付比例相似，當期初持有資金越高，企業利潤隨之上升。而期初持有資金增加到一定比例後，企業利潤之增加速度將漸趨緩慢。 3. 在單位延遲成本相對持有成本高時，企業的利潤會隨著單位延遲成本增加而降低，但採購計劃並不受影響；單位延遲成本相對低時，企業可能為了利潤最大化而改變採購計劃並有意造成缺貨。

In a classic textile supply chain, a fabric manufacturer (such as weaving or dying firms), have to face numerous upstream suppliers and garment manufacturers. The problems faced by a fabric manufacturer are to respond the demand of market quickly, and the prices of raw materials fluctuate through time. This study focuses on the dying firms in Taiwan, which are mostly SMEs. Based on MRP system, with the constraints of prices of raw materials fluctuation and fund, to build a model and solve it with mathematic programing, enable the firms to maximize their profits and satisfy customer needs while the prices of raw materials fluctuate through time, and they have two options for raw materials. In the end, sensibility analysis is performed to examine the factors that will influence enterprises’ profits. This concludes that: 1. When the percentage of down payment from downstream increases, firms’ profit will increase, but when down payment percentage reach certain level, the increase of profit will slow down. 2. The fund that enterprises have has similar effect on profits as down payment percentage of downstream has. When the fund increases, firms’ profit will increase, but when the fund reaches certain level, the increase of profit will slow down. 3. When the penalty of delayed delivery is relatively high, enterprises’ profits will decrease, with no effect on procurement plan; while the penalty of delayed delivery is relatively low, enterprises may intentional delay the delivery in order to maximum profits.