請用此 Handle URI 來引用此文件:
http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/57371
標題: | 以儒為帥:北宋統兵文臣傳統的建立(1004-1085) Appointing Scholars as Generals: the Tradition of Commanding Troops by Civil Officials in the Northern Song China (1004-1085) |
作者: | Yan-Sheng Song 宋彥陞 |
指導教授: | 方震華(Cheng-Hua Fang) |
關鍵字: | 統兵文臣,文臣統兵,軍事行動,儒將,文武關係,重文輕武,以文馭武, civil officials commanding troops,military activities,scholar generals,civil-military relationships,Song Shenzong, |
出版年 : | 2014 |
學位: | 碩士 |
摘要: | 長久以來,歷史學界常以「重文輕武」一詞定義宋代的文武關係,甚至有學者引宋人奏議為證,宣稱宋代有「不以武人為大帥」的「祖宗之法」。不過,以上說法不僅過於籠統,甚至更有悖離史實之嫌。本論文以北宋中期的統兵文臣與軍事行動為切入點,試圖討論在宋真宗朝至神宗朝時,以文臣出任軍隊統帥此一現象的起源與發展。藉由研究「統兵文臣」群體,筆者希望不只能對宋代的文武關係與對外關係提供一個新的研究視角,更能呈現「統兵文臣」群體的特殊性與重要性,促使更多研究者對相關議題投入研究與反思。
本文的第一章為緒論,用以介紹筆者的研究動機、論文架構及既有的相關研究。第二章則討論為何真宗朝出現了「參用儒將」的論調,以及當時存在著哪些限制致使此主張無法落實。在第三章,筆者將分析仁宗朝發生了哪些利於「以儒為帥」的事件,並透過實際案例說明統兵文臣如何與武將共事,軍功又對文臣具有何種實質效益。第四章則指出在英宗、神宗時期,執政者與統兵文臣的御邊態度如何發生變化,並分析統兵文臣的人脈網絡及參與戰爭的行為如何對其仕宦造成影響。第五章為結論,揭示北宋文臣其實始終無法排除武臣以壟斷軍隊指揮權,並對北宋「以儒為帥」的現象進行回顧與總結。 本文認為,北宋「以儒為帥」其實是個不斷發展、變動的現象。是故,此現象既不是個制度,也未必具有「以文馭武」的涵義。另外,「文臣」雖然是個看似具有極高同質性的集合名詞,不同文臣看待武事、軍功的態度其實相差甚大。因此,研究者在研究文武關係的相關議題時,應適度注意文臣內部的差異性,才不會陷入某些既有成見而不自知。 For a long time, modern historians describe the civil-military relationships of the Song Dynasty with the term “favoring the civil over the military” (zhongwen qingwu 重文輕武). The main prove of this argument based on certain Song civil officials’ writings about excluding military generals from commanding troops as a tradition built by Emperor Taizu. However, this traditional statement contains many mistakes. Through discussing the concepts and realities of appointing civil officials as military commanders, this thesis reexamines the civil-military relationships from the Zhenzong to the Shenzong period. Through analyzing the career of the bureaucrats who engaged in military actions, this research demonstrates the diverse opinions of civil elite toward military affairs. Thus, there was no such unchanged policy of controlling military men by civil officials as some modern Chinese scholars argued. The first chapter introduces my research motivations, thesis structure and related secondary scholarships. The second chapter discusses the reasons why some civil officials tried to persuade Zhenzong to appoint “scholar generals” to manage military affairs, and why this idea failed to be executed in Zhenzong period. The third chapter analyzes the factors causing Emperor Renzong to appoint civil officials as military commanders, and the interrelations between civil commanders and their military staffs. Moreover, the benefits which civil officials received from military works will be analyzed. The fourth chapter discusses the civil commanders in Shenzong period. I try to analyze that how personal networks and military jobs influenced the political careers of these “scholar generals”. My main arguments are that the Northern Song civil officials couldn’t actually exclude military officials from commanding troops, and the concept of “appointing scholars as generals” was steadily changing in the Northern Song China. In fact, civil officials had different ideas about military affairs and achievements. Therefore, when historians study civil-military relationships in the Song China, we should notice that there were some different opinions in the group of civil officials. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/57371 |
全文授權: | 有償授權 |
顯示於系所單位: | 歷史學系 |
文件中的檔案:
檔案 | 大小 | 格式 | |
---|---|---|---|
ntu-103-1.pdf 目前未授權公開取用 | 7.14 MB | Adobe PDF |
系統中的文件,除了特別指名其著作權條款之外,均受到著作權保護,並且保留所有的權利。