建築物外殼節能措施效應之實驗驗證及數值模擬

Abstract

全球暖化、環境變遷以及氣候異常，加上台灣油電雙漲，建築物之節能減碳及永續發展是台灣目前重要的研究方向。 本研究將探討不同形式的外殼節能措施，分為綠化壁面、加裝遮陽板、降低開窗率與加強外牆隔熱等，於臺灣氣候下進行現地實驗，以證實其對實際建築物之降溫效果。實驗結果顯示植生牆系統有良好的降溫效果，但其施工繁複且成本較高，故將 植生牆系統與其他外殼節能措施進行實際比較，並取得實驗數據與數值模擬進行比對。 利用有限元素軟體Abaqus、能源模擬軟體AccuRate以及能源模擬軟體eQUEST進行模擬分析，與實驗數據進行比對，探討各軟體之模擬結果，選出可較準確預測建築物室內溫度的軟體。其中以Abaqus模擬結果最為準確；AccuRate次之，但考慮操作便利性與分析速度，AccuRate是較有效率的軟體。 確定分析模型之合理性及準確性後，利用軟體Abaqus進行數值分析，於相同氣候環境下，比較各外殼節能措施之優劣，依序為植生牆系統、外牆隔熱、加裝遮陽板和降低開窗率。

Due to global warming, climate changing, and the rising of gas and utility prices, research on buildings has been steered towards energy conservation, carbon reduction and sustainable development in Taiwan in recent years. This research targets on different energy saving strategies among building envelope, which reduce the thermal effects in building structures, including vertical greenery, external shading devices, reducing ratio of transparency, and thermal insulation of walls. Field experiments were conducted in Taiwan to validate the effect on lowering building temperature. Experiment results show that: greening system has excellent performance on reducing building temperature. However, since constructing a greening system is complex and costly, it is compared with other strategies for further economical evaluations in both field experiments and numerical simulations. Different software was used to simulate the effects on indoor temperature, including Abaqus, AccuRate and eQUEST. The simulation results were compared with field experiment data in order to evaluate the accuracy of indoor temperature prediction. Results show that Abaqus yields the most accurate prediction, followed by AccuRate. However, considering the expensive computational cost of Abaqus, AccuRate is more applicable in this research. After the models are justified, the energy saving strategies are compared under the same control variables using Abaqus. Results show that greening system performs the best in temperature reduction, followed by thermal insulation of walls, and additional external shading devices and reducing ratio of transparency are the worst.