公共自行車租賃系統對租屋市場之影響

Abstract

隨著交通壅塞與氣候變遷等問題日益嚴重，公共自行車租賃系統已成為世界各國落實聯合國永續發展目標與追求永續發展的重要選項，如今亦成為臺灣各縣市交通建設不可或缺的一環。公共自行車除提供健康及環境的益處外，對居民最直接的效益為補足大眾運輸第一哩及最後一哩的便利性。有鑒於此，本研究分析鄰近公共自行車租賃站之便利性是否會反映在房租上。本文採用線上租屋資訊平臺上新北市與臺北市在2019年近25萬筆樣本，使用特徵價格法分析租屋物件和公共自行車租賃站的距離與房租之關係。本文除了透過控制空間與時間之固定效果，以降低遺漏變數所可能造成之偏誤，也利用Spline迴歸等方法，探討距離與房租間可能存在的非線性關係。 實證結果發現物件和公共自行車租賃站之距離與房租有顯著負向相關。在距離租賃站0到600公尺間，距離每增加一百公尺會使得房租下降0.53至0.56%。在距離超過六百公尺後，距離對於房租便無進一步影響。本研究進一步分析鄰近公共自行車站對於不同物件類型（整層住家、獨立套房、分租套房、雅房）之影響，並發現對整層住家房租之影響較小。而對整層住家之外物件的負向效果，約較對全體物件之效果多三成。最後本文亦進行數項穩定性檢測，結果皆顯示物件和公共自行車租賃站距離與房租有顯著負相關性。

The public bike (bicycle-sharing) system has played a crucial role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and urban traffic congestion. The system also helps solve the “first- and last-mile problem” by reducing the commute costs to public transport access points, such as subway and train stations. This study investigates how the reduced commute costs and other benefits of the public bike system are capitalized into residential housing rents. The data include the information of more than 240,000 rental property listings in the Taipei metropolitan, which has one of the largest public bike systems in the world. Spatial and temporal fixed-effects are adopted to minimize the omitted variable biases. Linear splines are used to model the non-linear relationship between a unit’s rent and its distance to the nearest public bike station. The results show that: (1) for units having at least one public bike station within 600 meters by foot, the rent increases by 0.53 to 0.56% for every one hundred meters closer to the nearest bike station, and (2) the capitalization effect is significantly stronger among units targeted at non-family renters, such as studios and room with private/shared bath. A series of checks is performed to ensure that the findings are the robustness to specifications with different spatial fixed-effects, cutoffs of potential outliers, and approaches for calculating distances to bike stations.