氣候變遷對台灣草莓產業之影響

Abstract

氣候變遷是近年科學界最要的研究課題之一，人類各種活動所排放的溫室氣體造成全球暖化效應，已經確切影響我們的生活環境，尤其是農業生產，台灣也不例外。 受到地理位置、緯度與地形的因素形成台灣複雜的氣候，耕地不多、天災不少。近年來各種農作物常因氣候變遷而影響產量，冬季高溫導致花芽無法分化，果實大幅減產，蜜蜂無蜜可採。溫度上升病蟲害增加，農民使用更多農藥，蜜蜂族群常因誤食農藥大量死亡，又會影響各種植物之授粉。但南臺灣已逐漸轉為生產熱帶水果，包括榴槤、紅毛丹、火龍果等已成功量產，因應氣候變遷台灣的農業生態也正在逐漸改變。 草莓在台灣屬於小眾市場，氣候因素並不利於草莓產業，過去研究多以草莓種植、品種改良為主，本研究以氣候變遷角度出發，觀察佔有台灣草莓產量九成的苗栗縣大湖鄉地區過去21年秋季之氣候變化與草莓初期產量的相關性，發現大湖地區之秋季明顯上升的平均溫度，以及颱風帶來的降雨都顯著影響草莓初期產量。

Climate change is one of the most important scientific research topics in recent years. Greenhouse gas emissions from various human activities have caused global warming effects which definitely have affected our living environment, especially in agricultural production. Taiwan is no exception. Geographically, the complex climate of Taiwan is the results of its latitude and terrain. In recent years, climate change often affects various crops production; high winter temperatures decreased flower buds differentiation and greatly reduced fruit production. Farmers use more pesticides because higher temperatures help the nourishing of pests and diseases, yet the pesticides used kill honey bees who carry out the duty of pollination of various plants. To adapt to the changing climate, the farmers in Southern Taiwan have started to grow tropical fruits, including durians, rambutans, and dragon fruits; this is one of the changes in the ecosystem of Taiwan's agriculture to respond to Climage change. Strawberry market in Taiwan has not been prominent due to the inconducive climate. Researches done in this field have been focusing mainly on cultivating and improving varieties. This thesis collects and analyses weather data of September, November and the first period of strawberry production in the past 21 years from Dahu area, where 90% of the Taiwan's strawberry production comes from, and found that the significantly incresed temperature and rainfalls brought by typhoons can affect the productivity of first period production of strawberry.