未成年人墮胎之同意能力

Abstract

優生保健法第 9 條第2 項規定，認為未成年人即便符合優生保健法第9 條第1項之六款阻卻違法事由，仍需取得法定代理人之同意，始得接受合法人工流產手術。此規定基本上預設未成年人並無墮胎之自我決定能力，然此規定卻可能抵觸醫學倫理中之部分原則，亦與刑法部分規範格格不入。本文參考國內外學說、判決與實證研究，並藉由刑法部分條文之內容比較，建構未成年人對於自身各項法益的處分權限，並提出對我國優生保健法第9 條第2 項之修法建議。

According to Article 9.2 of Genetic Health Act, induced abortion to an unmarried minor shall be subject to her agent’s consent; even she has been diagnosed or proven to meet one of the following subparagraphs of Article 9.1. This Article presumes that an unmarried minor cannot decide to accept induced abortion by her own, but this conclusion contradict to several principles in Medical Ethics and several Articles in Criminal Code. Hereunder we refer to opinions, judicial judgments and surveys in different areas of the world. We also compare several Articles of the Criminal Code to develop the structure of capacity of agreement. Through the discussion above, we present our proposal for amending Article 9.2 of Genetic Health Act.