中共網路管制政策之變革

Abstract

中國大陸經濟成長率年年居高不下。目前其網路使用者也已突破6億關卡並持續位居世界第一。隨著網路的興起，逐步取代官方報章廣電媒體單一傳播功能。各類訊息快速傳遞與交流，以及各意識型態社群密集互動之特質，均顯示網路新世代崛起力量業已無法輕易忽視。 本研究發現中共官方自1994年以來，大量頒佈各項網路管理與審查法規，並高度重視網路產業發展與輿情影響，然自習近平執政以來為有效維穩政經軍社各階層，其網路管制政策則有以下三大發展特點包括：一、積極管制不良網站成長數量；二、網管政策搭配科技愈趨緊縮；三、凝聚網情反腐力度鞏固政權。 因此中共對網路管制與發展的戰略規劃，對其國家與社會關係、民主化與全球化、經濟與文化等決策與影響程度勢必加速，其政權未來是否持續穩定演進，相信觀察其網路管制政策之變革意涵，仍是最值得研析的焦點議題與指標。

Mainland China’s economic growth rate remains high every year. The number of its Internet users has been over six hundred million and ranked first in the world. The rising of the Internet is gradually replacing the single communication function of the official/traditional media. All kinds of information are transferred quickly and communities with different ideology interact closely with each other. These show that the rising power of the network generation cannot be neglected easily. This study finds that the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), since 1994, has promulgated various regulations of the Internet control and censorship. CCP also highly value the development of the Internet industry and its effect on public opinions. Since Xing Jinping came into power, for the purpose of efficiently stabilizing the political, economic and social environment, the control policies of the Internet are characterized by the following three developments: (1) active control of the growth of harmful websites, (2) more and more rigid techniques suitable for the Internet control policies, and (3) consolidating the political power through anti-corruption of the public on the Internet. As a result, the strategic planning of the Internet control and development by People’s Republic of China (PRC) will undoubtedly accelerate the policy making and effects of some important issues, including the state-society relations, democratization and globalization, economy and culture. Will the political power gradually and stably progress in the future? Observing the evolution of PRC’s Internet control policies will still be the most critical topic.