台灣冷杉葉子精油與超臨界萃取物之成分與生物活性研究

Abstract

本研究利用固相微萃取法、水蒸餾法與超臨界二氧化碳流體萃取法萃取台灣冷杉（Abies kawakamii (Hay.) Ito）葉子，並以氣相層析-質譜進行化學成分分析，此外，亦評估台灣冷杉精油及超臨界萃取物的生物活性。研究結果顯示台灣冷杉葉子的揮發性成分以單萜類化合物為主，主要成分為α-Pinene、Camphene、Limonene、β-Phellandrene與Bornyl acetate。台灣冷杉葉子以水蒸餾法萃取之精油收率為1.45%，精油中含量較多的成分為α-Pinene、Camphene與Bornyl acetate；台灣冷杉葉子以超臨界二氧化碳流體萃取法萃取最佳收率為1.56%（萃取壓力為250 Bar，萃取溫度為50℃），主成分為α-Eudesmol、Bornyl acetate、Maltol及Caryophyllene oxide。在生物活性評估方面，台灣冷杉葉子精油和超臨界二氧化碳流體萃取物具有紙張防黴、海蝦致死活性及延長秀麗隱桿線蟲（Caenorhabditis elegans）生命週期等生物活性。

The purposes of this study are to extract the volatile organic compounds from Abies kawakamii (Hay.) Ito leaf by solid phase microextraction sampling, hydrodistillation and supercritical carbon dioxide fluid extraction, to identify the constituents of these extracts by GC-MS analysis; and to evaluate the bioactive activities of essential oil and supercritical carbon dioxide fluid extracts. Results showed that monoterpenoids were the main constituents of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from A. kawakamii leaf, including α-pinene, camphene, limonene, β-phellandrene, and bornyl acetate. The yield of essential oil from Abies kawakamii leaf was 1.45%, and the main constituents of essential oil were α-pinene, camphene, and bornyl acetate. The highest yield of supercritical carbon dioxide fluid extract (250 Bar, 50℃) from A. kawakamii leaf was 1.56%; and its main constituents were α-eudesmol, bornyl acetate, maltol, and caryophyllene oxide. According to the results of bioactivity assay, the essential oil and supercritical carbon dioxide extract from A. kawakamii leaf exhibited the antimildew activity, shrimp lethality activity, and the positive effect on lifespan extension in Caenorhabditis elegans.