台北步登公寓建築生產歷程──現代與風土的互動

Abstract

本研究欲建立台北步登公寓為現代風土的建築案例。台北步登公寓是台灣第一個正式化大量生產複層、複數家戶的住宅類型，源起於西方1920至1930年代的現代主義社會住宅社區，至今仍為台北地區都市地景之重要組成。 首先，本研究耙梳公寓與台北步登公寓的多重意義，闡述語言與現代主義住宅的源流，釐清其所蘊含的所有權與財務制度、及在地住宅類型的變革脈絡。其次，本研究檢視了1950年代中至1960年代，公部門以早期示範與推廣公寓住宅的案例與類型化圖集引介此一類型的作為，並具體分析其中的在地化意涵；在規劃方面，步登公寓一開始便具有異於現代主義城郊社區的都市性格，而單元的設計更動也有著在地的社會脈絡。而後，本研究指出公部門引導私部門於1960年代進場生產的關鍵角色與相關營建政策，釐清其介入與加速步登公寓形象與示範社區的形成。進一步，本研究分析了營建文化轉化與塑造此風土類型的角色，並以立面材料和平面的在地轉化為探討內容。經由許多第一手的圖說資料和專家訪談，本研究建立了初探台北步登公寓從公部門到私部門、從類型誕生到量增複製而定型的建築生產歷程。本研究建立了一種位於東亞的第三世界國家採納與轉化外來現代主義空間形式的常民住宅建築史，是一現代與風土互動的實證案例，說明現代與風土並非可完全分離的兩者。

Abstract This article aims to establish the Taipei walkup apartment building as a case of the modern vernacular. Taipei walkups were the first type of multistoried multifamily housing in Taiwan, originating in the mid-1950s and continuing to dominate Taipei’s cityscape today. First, I investigate the multiple meanings embedded in the term of Taipei walkup buildings, such as its linguistic origins, related apartment ownership code, and the revolution and evolution of the housing type. Second, I examine the economic and demonstrational influences of the public sector on the birth of this architectural type in Taiwan and, third, by further exploring vernacular elements applied to the buildings’ façades and plans, point to the important role that local building culture played in the adoption and transfiguration of this modernist architecture. Through many first-handed drawings and expert interviews, this article illustrates the frame of the whole production process of the Taipei walkup apartment buildings. By the history of how a third world country in East Asia accepted and transformed a modernist form to a contemporary vernacular housing type, the article provides an example of the interactions between the modern and the vernacular, arguing that it is rather hard to defend the position that these are two entirely discrete categories.