兒童少年保護之法制及其實踐困境 -以兒童及少年權益與福利保障法為核心

Abstract

這篇論文係對於我國兒童及少年保護相關的法制沿革、法制規範與實踐困境作一完整的介紹及探討。藉由了解兒童及少年保護的法制沿革方知中外的兒童人權議題並未受到重視，兒童被視為家長的財產，而非將兒童視為獨立的個體。即便是我們學習的對象--美國，其國會通過聯邦兒童保護法案亦不過是晚近20世紀後半的事。 規範我國兒童及少年保護工作的法制中，最重要的法規是「兒童及少年福利與權益保障法」，其他尚有家庭暴力防治法、少年事件處理法、兒童及少年性交易防制條例性、侵害防治法及教育基本法，分別提供安置、保護令、保護管束等方式保護兒童及少年身心安全。 兒童及少年保護工作是一科際整合的服務，除了以家庭暴力暨性侵害防治中心的兒少保社工員為整合、聯繫的窗口外，尚包含了其他社政體系、醫療、教育、司法、心理及警政等專業人員。本文詳盡介紹從社工員接受通報、調查訪談、提供處遇到結案一連串的工作過程，以說明兒少保護法制落實的現況。 由於兒少本身的特質與能力限制、家長捍衛侵權與隱私權的態度、家防中心的相關規定與政策、合作網絡的責任與界限不清、行政體系對社工員的規制與資源的匱乏及司法體系的不足，造成兒少保社工員在實踐上的困境。 本文試著提出解決困境的方案，包含教育的推展、資源的挹注、法規的修訂、社工員的訓練、家防中心的改善及司法體系的支援。然而與其在既定的框架下修修補補、防堵漏洞，或許直接不如跳出框架，採取另一種模式來回應兒少保議題更能從根本解決兒保社工員的困境，並達到兒少保工作的目標。

This paper aims to introduce the Child Protective laws in Taiwan and also the difficulties in practice. By understanding the history of the laws, we could know that children’s human right had not been an issue. Even US, the country we learned from, just passed the CAPTA in the late 20th century. Children were protected because they were viewed as property of adults, not because they were independent individuals. Child protection is a multidisciplinary service. Except social workers as a communication center, it also includes other professionals or systems, such as public/private social administration organizations, medical, educational, judicial, psychological and policing. This paper introduces in detail from accepting reports to closing the case. The Protection of Children and Youths Welfare and Rights Act influences child protective services most in Taiwan. Difficulties for social workers result from characteristics of children, values that parents hold, regulations and limitations of the Domestic Violence and Sexual Assault Prevention Center, attitudes and vague boundaries of cooperation networks and , the lack of resources, limitations of administrative system and the insufficient judicial system. This paper tries to develop programs to overcome the difficulties, including promoting education, enriching resources, revising the law, training social workers, changing the Domestic Violence and Sexual Assault Prevention Center and improving judicial system. However, it may work better to overcome difficulties from root by adopting a whole new model than improving the old model.