考量混合車種與充電樁下電動公車派車與充電排程之模擬最佳化

Abstract

為了降低燃油運具排放廢氣所造成的汙染，許多國家已將運具電動化納入減碳目標當中，其中具有公共運具特性的電動公車也在這波潮流下被大力提倡。然而受限於電池所能營運的里程數，充電行為需要被納入電動公車排班調度的考量當中。本研究考慮多場站與多路線下混合車種與充電樁的電動公車系統，建立離散事件模擬模式以模擬電動公車系統的排班調度；此外本研究亦建立多層相容性離散事件模擬模式，在最小化總成本的目標下求得最佳化的車輛充電樁組合，並產出派車與充電之排程。本研究亦分析不同電動公車營運策略的成效，並建立一組指標以提升排班調度的彈性與對於規則的量化評估。透過上述模擬測試與策略分析，最終提供電動公車系統在購置、營運與管理上的建議。

Electric buses have been promoted as a decarbonizing transit mode to reduce the emission of exhaust gas from the vehicle in numerous countries worldwide. However, due to the limitation of battery capacity for electric bus, the recharging constraints would greatly affect the scheduling issue. Considering the multiple depots and routes with heterogeneous buses and chargers, this research conducted the discrete event simulation model to simulate the operation of electric bus system. The model is capable to construct a more detailed, flexible, and comprehensive system that approximates to the actual operation. Multiple Compatibility Layer Optimization Simulation Approach was formulated to find the optimal combination with minimum total cost. The model can further generate the dispatch and charge schedule. Additionally, several operation strategies are examined for effectiveness and a set of rule indices is formulated to enhance the scheduling flexibility and rule evaluation. This research eventually provides recommendations for the electric bus system on the aspect of acquisition, operation, and management.