考量災後交通建設效用之緊急救護群集分析

Abstract

到院前緊急救護服務 (Pre-Hospital Emergency Medical Service, EMS)提供傷病患第一線之即時醫療照護，其績效直接影響到傷病患的存活率以及其傷後之復原程度；同時作為臺灣消防三大任務之一，到院前緊急救護服務於救災行動中也扮演著重要的角色。其中，緊急醫療車輛來往緊急醫療站與事故發生地的旅行時間被視為重要之關鍵因素。因此，地理空間上交通基礎建設系統之運作與醫療資源之配置，對於緊急醫療車輛的旅行時間格外重要，兩者將會直接影響到EMS系統的服務績效。因此，本研究主要著重於災前與災後之到院前緊急救護服務及交通基礎建設兩系統間之影響；此外，本研究引入地理資訊系統 (Geographic Information System) 進行資料輔助分析和資料視覺化之作業，透過服務範圍分析與緊急救護服務需求案件之被涵蓋率，評估災前與災後之到院前緊急救護服務的績效。本研究透過路網群集分析來找出臨時緊急醫療救護站 (ad hoc EMS facilities) 適當之設站位置，以提升災後到院前緊急救護服務之效率；此外，本研究所提出之方法希望能輔助決策者，作為救災之規劃方法及參考指標。

Pre-Hospital Emergency Medical Service (EMS) is the function for the provision of immediate and appropriate aid to a patient in emergencies. As part of the traditional triad first responders, EMS plays an important role in disaster response. In this work, the dependency of the EMS functioning on the transportation infrastructure is considered. The Geographic Information System (GIS) serves as a tool for the service area analysis and EMS demand coverage to assess the capacity of EMS facilities before and after of the disaster. The objective of this research is to improve the effectiveness of EMS after the disaster by applying the network-based clustering to determine the on-post EMS facilities for temporary emergency medical services. The analytical result is expected to facilitate decision making, and to serve as a benchmark for the planning of post-disaster EMS.