韓國漢字音歷史層次研究

Abstract

韓國漢字音（以下簡稱「韓漢音」）是指韓語中的漢字讀音。長久以來，漢字是韓國的官方書寫系統，韓中兩國也一直保持著密切的交流關係，如此的環境促使韓語形成其獨特的漢字音系統。 本文以歷史語言學的方法為基礎，全面分析韓漢音的音韻表現，以釐清韓漢音內部疊積而成的歷史層次。以往的研究一般將之視為純粹的系統，認為漢字音一旦進入韓語系統之後就固定下來，很少再受外部的影響，僅在韓語裡獨自發展。然而透過本文的分析，可以瞭解到韓漢音內部具有來自不同時間與地點的音韻層次，它不僅反映漢語中古音的音韻特徵，也反映上古及近代時期的特徵，這意味著長期的語言接觸中，漢語各時期的音韻系統不斷地影響韓漢音系統。 本文在第一章緒論中說明研究的動機，介紹前人相關論著，並交代研究材料及方法。此外為更準確地分析韓漢音的歷史層次，本文在第二章中探討韓語的音韻特徵及其歷史發展。第三、第四章為本文最主要的部分，根據韓漢音的具體表現分析韓漢音韻母及聲母的歷史層次。第五章為結論，總結本文主要的研究成果，並提出在此研究的基礎之上未來可以繼續深入探討的課題。

The term “Sino-Korean pronunciations” refers to the reading pronunciations of Chinese characters in the Korean language. Chinese characters had long been used on the Korean peninsula as the official writing system before the Korean writing system, Hangeul, was adopted as the official script. To this day, Korea has maintained a close relationship with China. As a result, the long-term cultural exchange between Korea and China has stimulated the development of Sino-Korean pronunciations. This study aims to show that 1) Sino-Korean pronunciations reflect complex systems consisting of multiple historical layers originating in various time periods and regions of China, and 2) to systemically analyze the historical layers of Sino-Korean pronunciations. In earlier studies the prevailing view was to regard Sino-Korean pronunciations as a single invariable system. According to this view, Sino-Korean pronunciations were fixed after the adoption of Chinese pronunciations, and developed independently of external influences. Contrary to popular belief, this study demonstrates that Sino-Korean pronunciations not only reflect the features of Middle Chinese phonology but also contain a number of layers comparable to Old Chinese and Post-Medieval Chinese phonology. Such a conclusion is drawn from a detailed analysis of the phonological system of Sino-Korean pronunciations and a comparative study of the histories of the Korean and Chinese languages. It also suggests that the Korean language has been continuously in contact with the Chinese language as the two regions have maintained a close relationship from earlier times. The structure of the dissertation is as follows: The introduction clarifies the significance and goals of this study, and introduces previous studies on the topic as well as research data and methodologies. The second chapter explains the phonological features of the Korean language, and a brief history of sound changes experienced in the Korean language. The next two chapters constitute the main body of this dissertation. Chapters three and four illustrate the stratification of Sino-Korean finals and initials, respectively, by citing practical Sino-Korean pronunciations. The fifth chapter marks the conclusion of this dissertation. It summarizes the results of this study and suggests possible research topics based on the results