結合風場與熱舒適度分析提供人員於室內空間的座位選擇

Abstract

室內環境的熱舒適度對人們的健康、生產力和心理有著重大影響，而空調系統是影響室內熱舒適度的重要因子。因此為建立良好的熱環境，空調系統與熱舒適度之間的影響逐漸成為一個獨立的研究領域。本研究的目的是在不改變原有室內建築的設計和HVAC系統的情況下，提升人們在室內空間的熱舒適度。本研究架設了一個網站，其中結合CFD模擬與熱舒適度的預測來讓人們迅速且方便的在室內空間找到適合他們熱偏好的位置。PMV模型被使用在熱舒適度的預測上，然而此模型在過往許多研究被指出準確率不高或是會高估熱感受程度。因此，本研究使用便攜式測量系統和雲端數據庫收集了在教室和辦公室中居住者的熱舒適度問卷並發展出適合炎熱和潮濕氣候的自適應熱舒適度模型。問卷的收集包含兩種不同的通風模式：空調模式與自然通風模式。根據問卷數據的顯示，PMV模型在空調模式下比在自然通風模式下更準確。另外，透過與ASHRAE熱舒適數據庫中的數據和本研究結果的比較，結果顯示不同PMV下三種熱偏好的機率分佈差異很大，而地理位置的不同可能是造成此差異的原因。本研究為調整自適應熱舒適模型提供了一種可靠的方法，而未來的研究能將本研究提出的自適應熱舒適模型與CFD模擬結合，讓預測出來的熱舒適度能更準確。

The thermal comfort of the indoor environment has a significant impact on people's productivity and psychology, and the HVAC system is an important factor that affects the indoor thermal comfort. Therefore, to establish a good thermal environment, the influence between the HVAC system and thermal comfort has gradually become an important research field. The purpose of this study is to improve the thermal comfort of people in an indoor environment without changing the original indoor building design and HVAC system structure. We set up a website that combines CFD simulation and thermal comfort prediction to allow people to quickly and conveniently find a location that suits their thermal preferences in the indoor area. The PMV model is used to predict thermal comfort. However, many previous studies found out that the PMV model had a low prediction accuracy. Therefore, this study develops a portable measurement system and conducts a field study in several offices and classrooms at National Taiwan University. The thermal comfort of occupants in the classrooms and offices is investigated under two different ventilation strategies: air-conditioning (AC) and natural ventilation (NV). Based on survey data, we find that the PMV model is more reliable in AC mode than in NV mode, and an adaptive thermal comfort model is subsequently developed. This study provides a reliable method for adjusting the adaptive thermal comfort model, and future research can combine the adaptive thermal comfort model proposed in this study with CFD simulation to make the predicted thermal comfort more accurate.