《世說新語》特殊詞彙研究

Abstract

《世說新語》是一部記錄魏晉名士言行，富含口語的筆記小說。本文藉由討論其中的特殊詞彙，觀察中古詞彙特色，並說明社會文化與詞彙演變之間的關係。本文探討的特殊詞彙，為當代的新興詞彙或具有新生義的舊詞，包含口語、方言，和書面語。東漢末年以降，中國歷經四百多年的政治墮落和南北分裂，造成社會動盪不安，人口大量遷徙。此期名士為逃避政治禍害，依於門第之下，精神則寄託於清談、文學和佛教之中。名士間談玄與品評風氣之盛，形成魏晉風流。北方外族以及西域佛教徒帶來異質文化，為漢文化注入新的元素。這些魏晉的時代精神，都反映在《世說新語》的特殊詞彙之中。除了考釋個別特殊詞彙在《世說新語》中的意義和用法，亦旁及六朝相關文獻，並考察其來源和發展。根據本文討論的結果，《世說新語》的特殊詞彙不僅符合中古詞彙雙音節化的特色，同時也反映魏晉社會的變遷，表現詞彙與文化緊密的連結。研究漢語詞彙除了需要從漢語發展史的角度來討論，漢民族的歷史與文化亦是不可忽視的重要材料。

The thesis focuses on the distinctive vocabulary using in Shi Shuo Xin Yu which assembles essays and criticism from celebrities called Ming-Shi in Wei and Jin Dynasties. There languages of colloquial, dialect are written in the book is the main research area in the study. The purposes of studying the distinctive vocabulary are to understand the lexical characteristics of Middle Ages of Chinese, and further to explain the relationship between vocabulary changes and contemporary social-culture. Since the late Eastern Han, the collapsed society and politics had been lasting for over 400 years. In order to prevent from the political prosecution, Ming-Shi started placing their attention on Qing-Tan, literature, and Buddhism. Therefore, the prevalence of Qing-Tan and personal editorial gradually formed Wei-Jin Feng-Liu among Ming-Shi in Wei and Jin Dynasties. Meanwhile, acculturation from North and Western Buddhism was injected into Han’s culture. These features are detailed described in terms of the distinctive vocabulary in Shi Shuo Xin Yu. The thesis not only discusses the meaning and the grammar of the distinctive vocabulary but also cooperates with the literature of The Six Dynasties in finding their origins and evolutionary process. Based on the results, high relevance between the features of the distinctive vocabulary in Shi Shuo Xin Yu and the morphology of Middle Ages of Chinese was found. Moreover, the distinctive vocabulary greatly reflects the culture changes along the time in Wei and Jin Dynasties. In addition to understanding the vocabulary evolution, Chinese culture and history are also crucial materials for the research.