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| DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
|---|---|---|
| dc.contributor.advisor | 張慶源 | |
| dc.contributor.author | Syuan Teng | en |
| dc.contributor.author | 鄧軒 | zh_TW |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2021-05-15T17:50:31Z | - |
| dc.date.available | 2019-09-02 | |
| dc.date.available | 2021-05-15T17:50:31Z | - |
| dc.date.copyright | 2014-09-02 | |
| dc.date.issued | 2014 | |
| dc.date.submitted | 2014-08-19 | |
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| dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/4948 | - |
| dc.description.abstract | 本研究分為兩部分:第一部分探討利用異丙醇(isopropyl alcohol, IPA)於超音波(ultrasonic irradiation, UI)輔助程序進行痲瘋樹籽油(簡稱痲瘋油, JO)之酸催化酯化。探討酯化反應溫度(T)與醇油比(M/O in mol/mol)對於酸價(AV)、密度(ρLO)、動黏度(KV)、生質柴油轉化率(YF)、異丙醇回收量、能源消耗等之影響，並找出最適之酯化反應溫度及醇油比，並以該條件進行後續第二部分之鹼催化轉酯化反應。針對轉酯化反應則探討反應溫度、醇油比、反應時間對於各項油品特性之影響，並找出最適之轉酯化條件。此先酯化再轉酯化之程序稱為兩階段式或兩步驟生質柴油產製程序。
酯化反應之研究結果顯示利用超音波(UI)輔助系統於酸催化酯化反應時，增加醇油比可有效降低油品之酸價，當T=120 ℃並在M/O=5時可將酸價由JO原料油之36.4降低至0.4 mg KOH/g以下，其自由酯肪酸之轉化效率YA為37.4%以上。並可知當溫度高於且接近異丙醇之沸點(82.3 ℃)時，例如在100及120 ℃ 時可將酸價皆降至0.2 mg KOH/g以下，生質柴油轉化率(YF)亦可達到71.4-75.5 %。在各特性之考量下選擇120 ℃為酯化反應之溫度。 轉酯化反應則利用酯化反應所得到之最適醇油比及反應溫度進行後續之研究。當T=80 ℃及t=20 min, 轉酯化反應之最適醇油比為9：1，此時生質柴油轉化率可達到95.87 %，酸價、密度、動黏度分別為95.87 %，0.688 mg KOH/g，892.5 kg/m3，9.548 mm2/s；若超過此醇油比則再增加IPA含量之效果有限。在此反應溫度時可看出在反應時間至20 min時，其反應幾乎已達完全。故增長反應時間對各項特性之效過不顯著，故選擇20 min為轉酯化反應之反應溫度。本研究使用IPA代替甲醇做為產製生質柴油所需之醇類，所產製之痲瘋油生質柴油，其動黏度較高皆無法達到CNS 15072之標準(3.5-5.0 mm2/s)，若需達到此標準則可考慮摻配其他低KV之柴油使用。 | zh_TW |
| dc.description.abstract | The study is divided into two parts. The first part examined the acid catalyzed esterification of Jatropha oil (JO) using isopropanol (IPA) via the ultrasonic irradiation (UI) assisted process. The acid value (AV), density (ρLO), kinematic viscosity (KV), yield of biodiesel(YF), isopropyl alcohol recovery and the impact of energy consumption were used to evaluate the effects of reaction temperature (T) and the alcohol/oil molar ratio (M/O) on the esterification. The results of esterification were referred to set the proper conditions to produce biodiesel of second part study, investigating the base(KOH) catalyzed transesterification. In the transesterification process, the effects of T, M/O and reaction time (t) on the biodiesel characteristics study. This combined esterification and transesterification is called two-stage biodiesel manufacture process.
The UI esterification results showed that increased M/O can significantly reduce the acid value of the oil, M/O=5 and T=80 ℃ for example decreasing from36.4 mg-KOH/g of JO reduced to 0.4 mg-KOH/g of esterified oil. It was found that when the temperature is higher than while close to the IPA boiling point (82.3 ℃), for example at 100 and 120 ℃ all the acid value can be reduced lower than 0.2 mg-KOH/g. The biodiesel yields are 75.47 and 71.42%, respectively. To ensure the appropriation of characteristics of products, the esterification temperature was chosen at 120 ℃ to obtain crude ester for the followed transesterification. For transesterification conditions at T= 80 ℃and t=20 min the proper M/O is 9, offering biodiesel yield YF as high as 95.87 %, with AV=0.688 mg-KOH/g, ρLO =892.5 kg/m3 and KV=9.548 mm2/s while there is no significant improvement with M/O high than 9. The results also indicated that with UI the transesterification is nearly completed in 20 min. The enchancement is minor for further extending AV, density, KV and the reaction time. The use of IPA instead of methanol in biodiesel manufacture of jatropha oil, however, the products yields with KV higher than CNS 15072 standard (3.5-5.0 mm2/s) The IPA based biodiesel may mix with other diesel with low KV to meet the requirement. | en |
| dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2021-05-15T17:50:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ntu-103-R01541126-1.pdf: 3708268 bytes, checksum: 556769d050e8f666c7ba90b8c6d6f615 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 | en |
| dc.description.tableofcontents | 中文摘要 I
Abstract II 目錄 IV 圖目錄 VI 表目錄 X 符號說明 XII 縮寫說明 XIV 第一章 前言 1 1.1研究背景 1 1.2研究內容及目的 2 1.3預期效益 3 第二章 文獻回顧 4 2.1 生質柴油概述 4 2.1.1生質柴油之優勢及現況分析 4 2.2原油料介紹-痲瘋油 10 2.3 生質柴油性質及法規規範 19 2.3.1 生質柴油的製造方法及技術 22 2.3.2 兩階段式轉酯化反應 23 2.4 醇類之選擇 28 2.5 混合攪拌技術 29 2.5.1 超音波混合技術 30 2.6 結語 34 第三章 研究方法 35 3.1 研究流程 35 3.2 研究方法 37 3.2.1 酯化反應及轉酯化反應之異丙醇溶液加入方式 37 3.2.2 實驗材料及設備 38 3.3 反應系統 40 3.4 實驗步驟 42 3.4.1 實驗流程 42 3.4.2 酸催化酯化反應 42 3.4.3 鹼催化轉酯化反應 43 3.4.4 脂肪酸異丙酯純化步驟 44 3.5 樣品分析方法 45 3.5.1 液態超導核磁共振 45 3.5.2 脂肪酸異丙酯特性分析方法 46 第四章 結果與討論 50 4.1 痲瘋樹籽油基本性質 50 4.2酸催化酯化反應 50 4.2.1 醇油莫耳比對酸催化酯化反應之影響 51 4.2.2 酯化反應醇油莫耳比之選擇 64 4.2.3 溫度對酸催化酯化反應之影響 64 4.2.4 酯化反應溫度之選擇 90 4.2.5 批次式進料與連續式進料於酯化反應之比較 90 4.3鹼催化轉酯化反應 92 4.3.1 醇油莫耳比對鹼催化轉酯化反應之影響 92 4.3.2轉酯化反應醇油莫耳比之選擇 102 4.3.3反應溫度於鹼催化轉酯化反應之影響 102 4.3.4轉酯化反應溫度之選擇 108 4.3.5反應時間於鹼催化轉酯化反應之影響 108 4.3.6 轉酯化反應反應時間之選擇 113 第五章 結論與建議 114 5.1 結論 114 5.2 建議 115 參考文獻 117 | |
| dc.language.iso | zh-TW | |
| dc.subject | 超音波 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 痲瘋樹籽油 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 酯化反應 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 轉酯化反應 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 生質柴油 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 異丙醇 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | Jatropha curcas seed oil | en |
| dc.subject | IPA | en |
| dc.subject | transesterification | en |
| dc.subject | ultrasonic | en |
| dc.subject | biodiesel | en |
| dc.subject | esterification | en |
| dc.title | 利用異丙醇以超音波輔助程序產製痲瘋樹籽油生質柴油之研究 | zh_TW |
| dc.title | Application of ultrasonic irradiation and utilization of isopropanol to manufacture jatropha-oil biodiesel | en |
| dc.type | Thesis | |
| dc.date.schoolyear | 102-2 | |
| dc.description.degree | 碩士 | |
| dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 陳奕宏,章裕民 | |
| dc.subject.keyword | 痲瘋樹籽油,酯化反應,轉酯化反應,生質柴油,異丙醇,超音波, | zh_TW |
| dc.subject.keyword | Jatropha curcas seed oil,esterification,biodiesel,ultrasonic,transesterification,IPA, | en |
| dc.relation.page | 121 | |
| dc.rights.note | 同意授權(全球公開) | |
| dc.date.accepted | 2014-08-20 | |
| dc.contributor.author-college | 工學院 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.author-dept | 環境工程學研究所 | zh_TW |
| 顯示於系所單位： | 環境工程學研究所 | |
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