實驗室中的檔案實作：以考古學實驗室為例

Abstract

隨著科學技術的發展，近年來諸多臺灣考古學研究也樂於結合不同的科學分析技術，從考古遺物中取得過去無法獲得的新資料。即便如此，考古學知識生產仍然必須對遺物進行大量的比對、整理工作。因此本研究懷著地理學對空間的好奇出發，循著科技與社會（Science, technology and society）研究子領域實驗室研究（Laboratory studies）的研究路徑，走入考古學實驗室進行參與觀察，並對實際應用科學分析技術的考古學者進行訪談，更細緻地了解考古學實驗室何以結合各種科學技術生產出考古學知識。 本研究帶入Lorraine Daston的檔案館科學（Science of the archives）概念檢視考古學知識生產中重視資料累積與傳承的學科實作，將考古學工作者在實驗室中對考古遺物大量的整理、辨識、分類、編目等實作視為一套累積資料、溝通資訊的獨特檔案技術。在深入分析實驗室內部考古學檔案的成形過程後，本研究發現考古學工作者們需要時時回顧研究的目的與需求、結合不同學科的知識、分析技術以及多樣的物質基礎，對考古遺物所能提供的資訊內容和資訊量不斷重新定義，將遺物化為檔案。換句話說過往被視為固定不變、提供客觀資料的樣本，其實隨著不同知識生產階段的檔案化與再檔案化不斷經歷著動態的篩選過程。透過這樣不斷建檔與翻案的系統化實作，考古學工作者方能串聯知識生產過程中不同時間、地點的研究者，使得知識生產過程順利的運作。

With the development of technoscience, archeologists in Taiwan are now willing to analyze archeological remains as samples. By combining analytical techniques from various disciplines, archeologists can extract previously unexplored data. However, the production of archaeological knowledge today still heavily relies on the sorting and comparison of remains. This research therefore incorporates Lorraine Daston’s “Science of the Archives” in the participatory observation of an archeological laboratory in order to examine the practices of data accumulation and transfer in archeological knowledge production. It views archeologists’ organization, identification, classification, and cataloging of remains in laboratory as unique archival techniques that allow the accumulation and communication of data. It also reveals that archeologists frequently reflect on their research objectives, combine interdisciplinary knowledge and analytical techniques as well as diverse material foundations, and redefine the contents and quantities of remains data in hopes of transforming these remains into archives. In other words, while samples are previously seen as stable analytical objects providing objective data, they have in fact undergone a dynamic selecting process in the practices of archiving and re-archiving during the different stages of knowledge production. In this systematic practice of archiving and re-archiving, archeologists can cooperate with researchers working in different time and space, thus ensuring the smooth process of knowledge production.