從康德式道德哲學觀點論自殺

Abstract

康德式倫理學是一種藉由對康德的批判式閱讀而建立在康德道德哲學的基本精神之上的道德理論。本文首先藉由對伍德(Allen Wood)的對話來說明康德式道德哲學的內涵，並指出討論諸如自殺這樣的應用問題對於道德理論建構的必要性及可能貢獻，其次將討論柯絲卡列出的(Christine Korsgaard)對定言令式的三種詮釋，作為討論自殺問題的根據。最後，本文將為自殺建立行為理論、檢討康德本人的論證及康德式道德哲學可能會對自殺做出的判斷，並指出當代學者在自殺問題中對所作的修正可能付出的代價。

Kantian ethics is a moral theory based on the fundamental spirit of Kant and critical reading of his text. This thesis at first shows the meaning of the concept of Kantian ethics and the necessity and the probable contribution of applicatory problems such as suicide for the construction of a moral theory through a critic of Allen Wood. Secondly, this thesis has discusses three interpretations of categorical imperative described by Christine Korsgaard and takes them as the basis of the evaluation of suicide. Then, this thesis tries to define suicide and tests the Kant’s arguments against suicide, then provides its own version of evaluation of suicide. In the end, this article shows the modification to Kant proposed by contemporary scholars and points out the reasons why they may not be proper modification of Kant’s theory.