徵募兵役制度之經濟分析

Abstract

有鑑於國軍規劃於民國104年起推動全募兵制，也就是未來兵員的獲得要從市場上去召募，要如何兼顧國家財政能力下設計一套薪酬福利條件，才能吸引時下的適齡青年從軍。這是我國兵役制度史上的重大變革，對國家經濟發展將會有相當大的衝擊。值得從市場面上去做制度性的研究，也就是從軍事人力的需求與供給去做基本的分析。需求主要顯示在既定的軍事技術條件安全環境下的軍事人力規模需求和結構需求，這方面需求的研究包括募兵、預備役、軍事人力的要素替代等問題；而供給方面括在既定社會經濟條件和需求規範下的私部門的勞動力可以向軍事單位提供的勞動力規模和結構，這方面供給的研究主要包括人力資源及福利等理論，本研究試圖就現代軍事人力中有關兵源徵募制度做制度性的研究，以期透過軍事勞動力市場的供需變動及軍事人力的配置效率分析，來觀察我國近期規劃的全募兵制的兵役制度，並提出個人的建議以供政府政策參考。

In view of Taiwan’s military planning on full enlistment in military service which starts in 2015, in other words the future acquisition for military manpower will come from market recruitment; the issues on how to design a remuneration and welfare package that attracts young people nowadays to join the army under the State financial capacity, is the major reform in the history of Taiwan’s military service. Such reform will bring considerate impact on the economic development of the country, which merits conducting a systematic research from the dimension of marketing. The study provides a fundamental analysis from the supply and demand for military manpower, whereas the research regarding the demand aspect includes issues on military enlistment, reserve and elements of military manpower. The supply aspect includes the labor force structures and size of the labor force provided by the private sectors to the military units, under exiting social-economic conditions and demand parameters; whereas the research related to this aspect comprises of theories in human resources and welfare. The study attempts to conduct systematic research on the recruitment system in modern military manpower in light of observing our latest military full-enlistment service through the analysis of changes in supply and demand for military labor market and the allocation efficiency for military manpower. Finally, the study proposes personal recommendation for governmental policy review.