臺灣產麗叩甲屬之親緣關係研究

Abstract

麗叩甲屬 (Campsosternus Latreille, 1834)是少數帶有金屬光澤之叩頭蟲種類，全屬約 80 種，主要分布於東洋區 (Oriental realm)，唯一例外種 C. papuensis Van Zwaluwenburg, 1931 分布於澳洲區 (Australian realm) 的巴布亞新幾內亞 (Paupa New Guinea)。往昔文獻一共記錄 5 種麗叩頭蟲分佈於臺灣島內，分別為大青叩頭蟲 (C. auratus (Drury, 1773))、臺灣大青叩頭蟲 (C. guishuni Ohira, 1977)、大綠叩頭蟲 (C. mirabilis Fleutiaux, 1930)、虹彩叩頭蟲 (C. watanabei Miwa, 1927) 以及紅緣大青叩頭蟲 (C. yasuakii Suzuki, 2002)。鑑定特徵主要依據成蟲之體型大小、體色、斑紋、觸角長寬比和比對雄蟲外部生殖器。然而此屬叩頭蟲體色及斑紋之變異極大，鑑定上相當困難。因此，本研究利用分子標記針對臺灣產麗叩甲屬進行親緣關係之研究；研究結果顯示粒線體 DNA COI 與 16S rDNA 皆能有效鑑別臺灣產麗叩甲之物種，確認中國產之朱肩麗叩頭蟲 (C. gemma Candèze, 1857)、虹彩叩頭蟲及紅緣大青叩頭蟲等為 3 個獨立的分類單元。大綠叩頭蟲與紅緣大青叩頭蟲則無法區分為 2 個獨立種，應處理為同物異名。臺灣大青叩頭蟲，至今仍只有一隻雌蟲的模示標本，由於沒有分子資料且外部形態比較也缺乏樣本，因此需要更多線索才能證實此種是否為大綠叩頭蟲之變種。

The species in genus Campsosternus Latreille, 1834 are few of the click beetles which have metallic colors. This genus contains about 80 species mostly from Oriental realm, with an exceptional species: C. papuensis Van Zwaluwenburg, 1931, distributed in Papau New Guinea in Australian realm. According to references, 5 species was recorded in Taiwan: C. auratus (Drury, 1773), C. guishuni Ohira, 1977, C. mirabilis Fleutiaux, 1930, C. watanabei Miwa, 1927, and C. yasuakii Suzuki, 2002. The diagnosis is based on adult morphology: body size, body color, maculation, antennal length-width ratio, and compare the male genitalia. However, the species is difficult to identify due to the highly variable body color and maculation. Therefore, a molecular phylogeny study of Campsosternus in Taiwan was conducted in this study by molecular marker. The results of mitochondrial DNA COI and 16S rDNA show excellent resolution on species level. Both genes support that C. gemma Candèze, 1857, C. watanabei, and C. yasuakii are three independent taxa. C. mirabilis and C. yasuakii cannot be separate from each other and should be treated as synonym. C. guishuni has only one collection female type specimen as representative. It needs more evidence to check whether C. guishuni is a variant of C. mirabilis or not.