以整合觀點觀察國際學術合作成敗之因素：社會資本、知識屬性之動態影響

Abstract

本研究旨於了解國際學術合作計畫績效之影響因素。以往研究多為探討商業界中合作之案件，鮮有探討國際學術合作之成因及關鍵。過去研究多以靜態觀點來衡量信任關係對合作整合成效的影響，及以單一時間點的分析知識屬性與合作成敗的相關。本研究透過動態觀點瞭解學者國際合作的起始及雙方合作活動，以及跨國間的互動過程。以整合的觀點，探討社會資本如何影響國際上學術研究之合作，並與知識共同演化的過程。 以九位不同領域具有國際合作經驗的學者專家為樣本，藉由深度訪談歸納出以下結果：(1) 國際學術合作與否取決於社會資本，而非以合約規範；(2) 學者間的社會資本在合作過程中會共演化，互相加強；(3) 社會資本會使雙方持續合作卻也造成選擇夥伴時之限制; (4) 雙方互補能力增加合作機會，隱性知識會促成學術合作動機。 過去文獻偏重以合約規範國際合作，減少投機行為，本研究利用動態的觀察發現國際學術合作之不確定性高，無法事前規劃，而突顯社會資本的重要性，並以整合的觀點，釐清社會資本非單向影響合作，合作亦會加強社會資本程度。此外，社會資本亦會與知識的特性產生互動之整合觀點，找出其中之交互影響。

The purpose of this study is to find out the factors that impact the academic international cooperation. Despite the fact that many studies explored the factors that led to success of enterprise international cooperation, few studies discussed the academic international cooperation. Besides, previous studies measured the effect of trust, relationship and knowledge attributes in static view, but in this study dynamic view would be adapted to analyze the transnational interaction between academic cooperation activities. Toward an integrative perspective on how social capital influence academic international cooperation and the co-evolution of social capital and knowledge attributes. Based on the depth interview of nine experts having academic international cooperation experience, this study concludes that：(1) The academic will cooperate depending on the social capital, rather than contract; (2) Social capital will co-evolve and reinforce through cooperation; (3) Social capital will initiate continuous cooperation, but limit the selection of the partner; (4) complementary competence will increase the chance to cooperate, and the tacit knowledge will facilitate to cooperate. Different from Previous studies which emphasize contract will reduce the opportunism in international cooperation, this studies found out that the uncertainty of international cooperation will make social capital more important. By integrative view, cooperation will also reinforce social capital. In addition, social capital will co-evolve with knowledge attributes.