不同船艏結構撞擊船側結構之抗撞性能分析

Abstract

船舶碰撞與擱淺常造成船體結構破壞，以致貨品損失與人員傷亡，連帶油汙外洩導致波及海洋環境汙染造成生態浩劫，近年來國際上對海洋環境保護與海洋維護以及對人員安全的重視，為使船舶事故發生所引發損傷降到最低，在船舶航行安全上特別考量。在過去20年中船體外殼多採用雙層殼結構，而1990年代末，也開始有緩衝型船艏之研究與設計，降低船艏剛性與減少撞擊過程中的傷害。本文針對四種不同船艏結構撞擊船側結構，比較不同強度船艏緩衝能力，同時觀察碰撞後破壞影響差異性；船舶發生碰撞後船體運動吸收部分撞擊能量，可降低結構的損壞吸能，而改變船舶撞擊損壞狀況。為探討撞擊過程，船體運動對於撞擊破壞的影響，本文加入不同碰撞情況，分析船舶發生碰撞時，不同撞擊位置與不同撞擊角度，探討撞擊船與被撞船結構破壞狀況，並將船體運動、偏轉對於撞擊破壞的影響納入比較研究。 本文係以LS-DYNA非線性有限元素程式分析船舶碰撞過程，撞擊結構的破壞與穿透等現象；觀察船艏以及船側結構其外殼與內部結構在撞擊過程的破壞狀況，並歸納其破壞模式、抗撞阻力及消能。

Collision and grounding may cause serious injury of ship structure and human beam, the oil may spill on the sea, nowadays in view of saving of the maritime environment and for crews security reasons. In order to prevent this kind of catastrophe and reduce the oil pollution, the double hull and mid-deck structures for tanker were requested, later 1990s the soft bow concept was also proposed to reduce the stiffness of bow structures and improve the capacity of total energy dissipation of ship collision. This study investigated the deformation and damage process of four different types of bow structures and bulk carrier of double hull structures in bow-side collision, and evaluated their crashworthiness, the effects of ship motion doing collision on the collision damaged was also taken into consideration. The phenomena of rupture and penetration of bow and bulk carrier during ship collision were analyzed using LS-DYNA code. For outside shell and inside web plates, web frame and deck of bow structures, the damage mode and damage status were observed. In addition, their impact force and energy dissipation were compared.