4D建物模型的色彩配置之選擇與評估

Abstract

4D建物模型在工程管理上是一個有效的管理工具。4D建物模型能夠依照工程的施工順序，依序的顯示不同的顏色顯示不同的工程階段，讓使用者能夠以視覺化的方式迅速了解整個工程的進行。其中色彩配置則在4D建物模型的呈現與資訊表達上扮演重要的角色。一組的好的色彩配置能夠加強工程師對於施工規劃與施工進度的了解。 因此本研究的目的在於提供一個有效且方便的方法來選擇與評估4D建物模型的色彩配置。首先利用兩個步驟來選擇有效率的色彩配置。第一個步驟需要先決定4D建物模型的使用目的與其工程階段的數目；第二步驟則依工程階段之間的關係選擇適合的色彩配置。而在色彩評估的部分，我們建構三種類型的模擬器來模擬不同情況之下對於色彩配置的表現能力之影響。撥放儀器模擬器為第一類型的模擬器，其主要功能為模擬在不同撥放儀器上呈現的效果。第二種類型的模擬器為觀看者模擬器，用來模擬不同色盲者所觀看到色彩配置的效果。最後一種類型的模擬器為軟體模擬器，此模擬器可讓使用者了解色彩配置在不同軟體中使用的差異。 再使用了兩步驟的選擇色彩配置的方法後，並利用三個模擬器進行使用性的評估，最後本研究提出21組推薦的色彩配置。這些色彩配置無論在何種環境下皆能夠有效的表達4D建物模型中的資訊。此外，本研究更建置一個網路工具來幫助4D建物模型的使用者能夠以方便的方式選擇色彩配置。最後，我們將我們的經驗整理成六點的色彩配置準則，期望當4D建物模型需要自行選擇色彩配置時能夠當作參考，減少配置所花費的時間。

Four dimensional models have been proven to be an effective tool for construction management. The 3D models within these change color according to changes in its corresponding construction schedule. Color schemes play a crucial role in the designing and representation of a 4D model. Good color schemes enhance an engineer’s understanding of the situation at hand. Therefore, this research aims to develop effective and affordable methods of selecting and evaluating color schemes in 4D models. We proposed a two-step method of color selection. The first step is to determine the number of construction statuses and their relationships with each other. The second step is to select the colors to fit these statuses. In this research, we also developed three types of simulators to facilitate color evaluation. The display simulator is the first type of simulator and includes a LED monitor simulator, a projector simulator and a print-out simulator. The second type of simulator is the viewer simulator which simulates protanopic blindness and tritanope blindness. The third type of simulator is the rendering simulator. This simulates the rendering results from the two major 3D viewers, NavisWorks and SmartPlant Review. Using the two-step selection method and the three types of simulators, we identified 21 colors schemes (3 for 3 statuses, 12 for 5 statuses and 6 for 6 statuses) ideal for presenting 4D models. We summarized our experiences by providing 6 guidelines for color selections. The color schemes and simulators were also implemented as a reference tool on a website (http://4Dcolor.caece.net). Future 4D model builders can refer to this website to select the color scheme which is most appropriate for their projects.