應用車載排放量測系統於汽油小客車行駛實際道路 空氣污染物排放之研究

Abstract

本研究利用車載排放量測系統(Portable Emission Measurement System, PEMS)量測汽油小客車於台北縣市選取之綜合路徑污染物排放情形，及於實驗室動力計上同時以實驗室CVS-9000量測系統、車載排放量測系統量測FTP75及US06行車型態之污染物排放情形，實驗之參數為開、關冷氣，量測之污染物包括CO2、CO、HC、NOX。藉以探討不同道路型態、不同量測設備及不同行車型態間之污染物排放情形，並利用車輛比功率(Vehicle Specific Power, VSP)及North Carolina State University (NCSU)之VSP Mode分類方式討論污染物排放趨勢，最後比較NCSU VSP Mode、Argonne National Laboratory VSP Mode及本研究所分類之Taipei VSP Mode等三種VSP Mode分法應用於本研究量測數據之適用性。 實驗結果發現，車載排放量測系統可分析出不同道路型態、各污染物之排放率，但以道路型態討論因沒有考慮加速度、停等及坡度等因素，可能出現不符預期之污染物排放趨勢。而應用車輛比功率及NCSU VSP Mode討論可發現CO2、CO、NOX除了於高VSP Mode外皆有符合預期之趨勢。於三種不同VSP Mode分法中Taipei VSP Mode對於CO2、HC及NOX之排放趨勢較佳、信賴區間也皆較NCSU VSP Mode及Argonne小，可見以本土數據特性進行分類的Taipei VSP Mode較適合應用於本研究之量測數據。

In this study, a portable emission measurement system (PEMS) was used to acquire emission data from a gasoline vehicle by proceeding the on-road tests and dynamometer tests. A route ranging over Taipei county and Taipei city and consisting of comprehensive types of roads was designed for the real road tests. Regarding the dynamometer tests, FTP75and US06 driving cycles were used to evaluate the difference between PEMS and CVS-9000 system. According to the experimental results, the effects of operation conditions including road type, AC condition, driving cycle and measurement system on CO2, CO, HC, NOX emissions were determined. Vehicle specific power (VSP) was used as a variable to explain the emission trends of pollutants and evaluate the applicability of different definitions of VSP modes - North Carolina State University (NCSU) VSP Mode, Argonne National Laboratory VSP Mode and Taipei VSP Mode. In terms of the experimental result, PEMS can be used to measure the emission rate of gasoline vehicle driving on different road types. By taking VSP Mode into consideration, the emission trends of CO2, CO and NOX coincide with our expectation (CO2, CO and NOX emissions exhibit expectable trends) except for the conditions of high VSP Mode. Among the different definitions of VSP modes, Taipei VSP Mode can explain emissions trends of CO2, HC, NOX with smaller confidence intervals and more coincidence with the expectation than NCSU VSP Mode and Argonne VSP Mode do. Consequently, Taipei VSP Mode defined on the basis of local driving conditions is more applicable to the experimental data in this study.