女體中國──周蕾對離散觀點的反思

Abstract

作為一個殖民地出身的女性，周蕾在美國的中國研究學界中，以她邊緣而又邊緣的身份背景，取得了核心的論述權力，她的中國研究翻轉了過去漢學界裡，對香港出身學者「不夠純正」的評價，挑戰了僅以中國大陸為內涵的中國研究，讓香港原本不中不西的弱勢位置成為了既中既西的優勢。周蕾的香港身份令她得以從歷史的角度，將自己的中國研究變成對自身文化的剖析；同時能夠從殖民地人民的角度出發，對母國中國與殖民母國英國進行雙重批判；一百多年的英國殖民地教育，讓她也可以站在西方的位置，將中國視為他者，利用西方研究工具加以分析。 在中西關係與中港關係中，周蕾看見中國在女性位置和男性位置之間不斷流動，而中國第五代導演所詮釋的女體中國脫去了前者的相對關係，以自我女體化的方式呈現中國。周蕾利用本質化香港，和第五代導演電影裡的原初中國形象，對中國概念進行雙重解構，實踐了斯皮瓦克的策略性本質主義（strategic essentialism）。香港性的確立，以及第五代導演對原初中國的認知，破壞了中國文化裡中原中心的概念，所有的中國詮釋都能成為中國概念的一部分。周蕾認為中國概念並沒有固定的內容，而是研究者、研究者背後的知識、以及研究對象三者相互影響而產出的結果，因此所有的中國概念都無法脫離研究者存在。

Borned as a woman in Hong Kong and having research career in the United States, Rey Chow occupies a unique position in Chinese Study. Her background has made her discussion differ from other scholars in the Unites States or in China. Rey Chow pointed out that Hong Kong was seen neither Chinese nor Western, but that narrowed the possibility of Chinese interpretations. Rey Chow’s Hong Kong identity makes her research can be an “own analysis”. Also, being the colonized people, her study can be a double critique to China and to England. Through the colonial education, she can stand in the position of the West, and see China as an “other”. In Rey Chow’s opinion, Hong Kong can be Chinese and Western. Through China-West relation and China- Hong Kong relation, Rey Chow has observed that China vacillates between female and male position. In the mean time, Rey Chow practices strategic essentialism of Spivak by establishment of Hong Kong essence, making China concept cannot be fixed. The interpretations of China which the China fifth-generation directors reveal by their movies mean that all the Chinese interpretations can be part of China concept. Rey Chow insists that China is neither a fixed concept nor having a fixed content. The China concept is all about the researchers, the knowledge behind the researchers and the objects.