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Title: | 作業優先性對姿勢-上姿勢作業與大腦活動的影響:年齡效應 The Effects of Task Prioritization on Postural-suprapostural Task and Cortical Activity: Age-related Differences |
Authors: | Shu-Han Yu 游舒涵 |
Advisor: | 黃正雅(Cheng-Ya Huang) |
Keyword: | 作業優先性,姿勢平衡,雙重作業,事件相關電位,年齡效應, task prioritization,postural balance,dual task,event-related potential,age effect, |
Publication Year : | 2015 |
Degree: | 碩士 |
Abstract: | 研究背景與目的:姿勢-上姿勢作業為於維持身體平衡下,同時進行另一項動作或認知活動。由於注意力資源的有限性,適當且有效率的注意力配置,亦即作業優先性選擇,為獲得較佳姿勢-上姿勢作業表現的關鍵因素。此外,隨年齡增長,大腦注意力資源及其注意力配置的能力會逐漸下降,更加突顯作業優先性選擇的重要性。然而,目前關於姿勢-上姿勢控制的作業優先性(姿勢優先、上姿勢優先)探討及其相對應的神經機制仍尚未被仔細探討。因此,本研究的主要目的為探討年輕及老年族群,在使用不同作業優先策略下,對姿勢-上姿勢作業表現及大腦活動的影響。
研究方法:本研究共招募16位健康年輕受試者(平均年齡:24.4 ± 4.6歲)及16位健康年長受試者(平均年齡:69.1 ± 2.7歲)進行姿勢-上姿勢作業測試。實驗中受試者站立於平衡板上維持平衡(姿勢作業),並同時執行右手大拇指與食指的精準按壓動作(上姿勢作業)。姿勢作業之目標角度設為受試者前傾平衡板最大角度的一半,而上姿勢作業之目標力量設為受試者執行精準按壓最大力量數值的一半。實驗過程中須分別將主要注意力放置於姿勢平衡(姿勢優先)或精準按壓動作(上姿勢優先)來執行姿勢-上姿勢作業。實驗過程中記錄平衡板角度變化、精準按壓力量、右手第一背側指間肌肌電圖,並同步測量受試者之腦電圖。本研究之分析參數包含:姿勢作業角度誤差、精準按壓力量誤差、平衡板晃動之近似熵(approximate entropy)、精準按壓反應時間及腦電圖事件相關電位(P1, N1, P2)振幅。統計分析使用2 × 2混合變異數分析(2 × 2 mixed ANOVA)及最小顯著差異法(least significant difference)進行事後檢定,分析作業優先性與年齡效應對各行為表現參數及事件相關電位的影響。 結果與討論:相較於姿勢優先策略,於使用上姿勢優先策略時,年輕族群與老年族群皆會有較少的姿勢作業誤差,尤其老年族群於上姿勢優先策略時,同時會呈現較高的姿勢近似熵數值與較低的精準按壓力量誤差。於腦電圖事件相關電位振幅結果,在使用上姿勢優先策略時,年輕與老年族群的N1振幅皆較使用姿勢優先策略時小,反應上姿勢優先策略可降低姿勢作業所需之注意力資源的需求量,代表上姿勢優先策略是個較有效率的策略。此外,相較於年輕族群,老年族群於N1波與P2波之前,多呈現P1波,顯示老年族群於執行姿勢-上姿勢作業的準備初期會先進行感覺訊息的促進與整合。 結論:在執行姿勢-上姿勢作業時,上姿勢優先策略對健康年輕族群及老年族群皆是較佳的動作控制策略,不但能產生較高的作業精準度且有較佳的大腦注意力資源配置情形。 重要性與預期貢獻:本研究結果可提供健康族群,尤其是老年族群在執行姿勢-上姿勢作業時,一個較適當的動作控制策略,以提升整體動作表現,並可對姿勢-上姿勢控制的神經生理機制有進一步的瞭解。未來將進一步推展至神經疾患之患者,以期提供臨床治療時適當的訓練策略。 Background and Purpose: Postural-suprapostural task is defined as achievement of a motor or cognitive task performed simultaneously with successful postural control. Due to limited attentional resource, appropriate task prioritization is required for better performance during postural-suprapostural task, especially in elderly adults, who may have decreased attentional capacity and impaired attentional allocation. However, research on the suitable strategy of task prioritization (posture-first (PF) vs. supraposture-first (SF)) in younger and older adults is limited and lacks direct neural evidences. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of task-priority strategies on postural-suprapostural performance and its related cortical activity in younger and older populations. Methods: Sixteen younger healthy and sixteen elderly healthy adults were recruited in this study. Each participant was requested to perform a force-matching precision grip task (suprapostural task) while maintaining balance on a stabilometer (postural task) with postural task or suprapostural task as the first-priority task. Both behavioral and cortical data, including task accuracy (postural error and force-matching error), postural ApEn (approximate entropy), reaction time of precision-grip, and event-related potentials (ERPs), including P1, N1, and P2 amplitudes, were recorded. Results and Discussions: With SF strategy, less postural error was found in both younger and older groups. Furthermore, smaller force-matching error and larger postural ApEn were observed under the SF condition in the older group. ERP results revealed a task priority-dependent N1 response, which was smaller in the SF condition, indicating that SF is an efficient strategy for postural-suprapostural control. In addition, besides N1 and P2 waves, P1 positivity was observed only in the older adults, implying more facilitation of sensory processing was invested in the initial preparation phase of postural-suprapostural performance for older adults. Conclusion: SF strategy may be the adequate strategy for both healthy younger and older adults, with better postural-suprapostural accuracy and more efficient attentional allocation than PF strategy. Further study is needed to be confident in this conclusion for patients with neurological disease, such as Parkinson’s disease. Significance and Contribution: The study not only provided an optimal task-priority strategy for healthy adults, especially older adults, to increase their movement quality of postural-suprapostural task, but also gain a better insight to neural correlates of concurrent postural and motor-suprapostural tasks. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/4484 |
Fulltext Rights: | 同意授權(全球公開) |
Appears in Collections: | 物理治療學系所 |
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ntu-104-1.pdf | 2.93 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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