從自然美學探討恢復效益之提昇

Abstract

在自然環境的恢復效益研究中，關注於靈性效益的研究都是針對荒野或極自然地區，缺乏在都市環境中的應用，且恢復效益的理論仍須補足建立，因此為提昇都市環境中自然景觀的恢復效益，本研究以中國美學及環境美學為基礎，歸納整理出適合使用於自然景物的審美方式，以此建構審美恢復理論，並擴大恢復效益的應用範圍至精神、靈性層面。本研究提出適用於都市環境中提昇自然景觀恢復效益的建議，並以實證研究加以證實。 研究結果顯示，審美體驗可以達成恢復效益。審美深度決定恢復效益的程度，深度的審美體驗是一種人格恢復的效果，可使人展現人格美及生活美並提昇個人的創作能力，是達到精神、靈性層面的恢復效益。欣賞者的人格修養會影響審美體驗的深度，人格修養愈好的人，愈容易體驗到深層的審美境界；對自然知識的學習，以及實際接觸自然等參與式的審美可以增加深層審美體驗的機會。欣賞者應該要學習將自然相關的知識轉化成形而上的人生道理。 最佳的恢復效益是帶來對人生真理的領悟，審美教育是一種人格恢復成如天一般完全的教育。未來的景觀設計、治療性園藝及環境教育應可朝靈性的恢復效益來研究，以為人類福祉帶來更大貢獻。

Research on the restorative benefits of nature primarily has focused on the spiritual benefits of wilderness areas, but other areas, such as cities, has not been studied. In addition, much work needs to be done to understand the theory of restorative benefits. Therefore, to improve the restorative benefits of natural landscape in urban areas, this study constructed an aesthetic based (Chinese aesthetics and the aesthetics of environment) theory to integrate contemporary restorative theories and explain the mechanism of restorative process. The aesthetic restorative theory can expand the application of spiritual benefits in urban areas. The results revealed that aesthetic experiences can achieve the restorative benefits. The level of aesthetic experience decides the degree of restorative benefit. A deep aesthetic experience is a restoration of personality. One can show his/her beauty of personality and life, and the creativity will been improved. Personality will affect the level of aesthetic experience. With better personality culture, one can reach the insight of deep aesthetic state easier. The engaged aesthetic such as learning more scientific knowledge about nature and real contact with nature can increase the opportunity of deep aesthetic experience. One should learn to translate scientific knowledge into metaphysical truth to increase the depth of aesthetic experience. The best restorative benefits bring the insight of the truth of lives spiritually. Aesthetic educations are the education of personality restoration. Researches of landscape design, therapeutic horticulture and environmental education can pursue the orientation of spiritual benefits in the future.