上海合作組織之研究：國際建制理論視角下的新型區域安全制度

Abstract

「上海合作組織」是第一個由中共主導創設的多邊國際制度，深具標誌中共多邊外交、安全議題新作為的重要意涵，也是目前第一個以「反恐怖主義」作為主要訴求的國際組織，並逐步擴增到經濟、環保等非傳統安全的合作領域。相對於歐洲或亞洲的其他主要國際組織皆致力於某個特定領域的工作重點與合作項目，上海合作組織的合作議題不斷地在新增及演變，顯見該組織有其制度上的特殊性。 一般來說，歐、亞各自呈現的區域制度特質與定位是截然不同的。因此，本文要問：位於中亞，但具備整個東北亞、歐亞大陸、亞太地區影響動能的上海合作組織，其建制的性質究竟是屬於何種色彩居多？又或者有何獨特之處？甚至是否為亞洲地區一種不同以往的「新型式」區域安全制度？其未來發展的走向又將如何？頗值得我們加以研究。 本文將引用國際關係理論當中的「國際建制理論」，搭配一些與區域制度合作相關的論點，歸納出幾個區域安全制度的主要共通特質，以此作為本研究的分析指標，試著用來對上海合作組織進行檢視。並於各項特質的分析過程當中輔以與歐洲、亞洲地區的主要安全制度：北約、東協及東協區域論壇等組織作簡要的比較；運用這樣的分析方式，來探究上海合作組織的主要制度性質與獨特之處。

“Shanghai Cooperation Organization”（SCO） is the first multilateral international institution created by the Communist Party of China (CPC)﹐is deeply contains the meaning of symbol of multilateral diplomacy and the new deed of security issues of CPC. It is also the first international organization which takes the “anti-terrorism” as the main demand﹐and gradually expands it to other non-traditional security cooperation fields such as economy﹐environmental protection. Compared to other major international organizations which are committed to focus on the emphasis of working and cooperation of a particular item in Europe or Asia﹐the cooperation issues of SCO are increasing and evolving constantly﹐which shows that the organization has its own institutional specificities. Generally﹐the characteristics and orientation of the regional institution presented by Europe and Asia are totally different. Therefore﹐this thesis is going to question：the SCO that as being in Central Asia﹐but be with the potential capacity for influencing entire North-East Asia﹐Eurasia﹐and the Asia-Pacific region﹐which character （Western or Asian type） is the most in this regime？ Is it unique？ Or even whether a “new-type” regional security institution different from the present in Asia？ How will its trend of progress be in the future？ It is quite worthy of our study. This thesis is going to cite the “International Regime Theory” from international relations theories﹐with some arguments relative to the cooperation of regional institution﹐and induce several common characteristics of regional security institution﹐then make them the analytical indicators of this study﹐as try to examine the SCO through them. Furthermore﹐we also make some brief﹐assistant comparison with the main security institutions in Europe and Asia﹐such as North Atlantic Treaty Organization（NATO）﹐Association of Southeast Asian Nations（ASEAN）and the ASEAN Regional Forum（ARF）﹐during the procedure of characteristics analysis. In this approach﹐essay to find out the primary institutional character and uniqueness of the SCO.